Competitive Analysis: Buy.Com Amazon and Overstar

Competitive Analysis In a hyper- war-ridden population economy and with increasingly rational buyers, the competitions among e-commerce businesses are becoming more(prenominal) and more intensive. Given the priority of competitiveness in modern companies, practitioners of competitive light need to come to terms with what business and competitive analysis is and similarly how it works. In order to survive in such a competitive environment, a follow must deliver superior node jimmy over its competitors. Three competitors that CanGo analyzed are amazon. om, Buy. com, and buy in. com. We focused on areas analogous personnel, products, and facilities. Amazon is an American electronic commerce company that has become an prototype of internet business. The company was founded the company in 1994 and launched on the Internet in 1995 as an online bookstore. The business is built around two values, frugality and customer service. Amazon has been ranked number one in customer gaiety and service. A key to Amazons success was the decision to resign early dineros to secure market share.As a result, Amazon is one of the most recognizable online retailers. Amazons shipping be are relatively high in comparison to other online retailers. condescension accessions in shipping costs they defend yet to adjust their determine strategy. Dependence on the North American market, despite expanding into international markets is some other weakness. Amazon still derives 55% of its sales, from the North American market. This dependence could have adverse affects on Amazons future market growth. Buy. om was launched in November 1997, with 30,000 high-tech products. In one year Buy. com, sets first-year record with $ one hundred twenty-five million in sales. The company has expanded in numerous profit sections such as entertainment parks, subsidiaries, and large international breweries. Buy. com continues to introduce tender give aways. The target market is college campu ses and sports. Currently, Buy. com is spending considerable amounts of money in the Spanish marketing field. Some weaknesses are the loss of investor interest referable to wishing of profits. Overstock. om initially began by selling surplus and returned merchandise on an online food market however, in recent old age it has expanded to selling new merchandise. Overstock has established partnerships with many leading brand-name companies. These relationships allow Overstock to buy products at significant discounts, which lowers the costs for consumers. Overstock. com restated its financial statements for fiscal years 2003-2007 due to problems incurred when implementing an oracle enterprise resource planning program (ERP) (Taub, 2008).Weaknesses Based on an hold by Stephen Taub, Botched ERP Hookup Spurs Restatement, Overstock. com restated its financial statements for fiscal years 2003-2007 due to problems incurred when implementing an Oracle enterprise resource planning program (ERP) in 2005. (Taub, 2008) When Overstock. com implement its new ERP system, customer generates changed from batch regaleing, to being recorded as somebody transactions. However, Overstock did not install all the accounting elements needed to process customer refunds in the new system.Instead, the company chose to put manual fixes (Taub, 2008) in place however, these manual fixes did not account for all the applicable refund types, resulting in refunds not being recorded. The errors do not stop here. Overstock. com as well as found that the ERP system did not reverse out shipping tax for cancelled orders and the company was under-billing their fulfillment partners for return related costs and fees. (Taub, 2008) Although, $12. 9 million is material to report a restatement, the impact on the stockholders bequeath be minimal, as Overstock. om is a large company that already has a negative net worth. Stockholders equity reported on Overstock. com 2009 Annual Financial Statements is negative $3 million. (Overstock. com, 2009) and Overstock. com has not had a moneymaking quarter since 2004. (Coenen, 2009) Stockholders should be concerned with Overstock. com management, as this is not first sequence the company is restating their financial statements. In February, 2006, Overstock. com announced it would restate 4 years of financial statements, 2002 though 2005, due to improper accounting of freight costs. Taub,2008) It appears that the company has some serious internal control and reporting issues that need to be addressed. CanGo Strengths Resources Strong brand names Good reputation among customers Recognizable brand Positive relationship with employees Weaknesses Employees under trained. Insufficient suppliers Unplanned products planning deficiency of industry knowledge CanGo has the ability to compete with their competitors in any facet of the industry. There are high profit margins in the e-commerce industry. There is an increase in demand in the onli ne gaming industry.There are no major barriers to entry and the future growth potential is limitless. Coenen, T. (2009). More report Mistreatment by Overstock. com. Retrieved February 11, 2010, from http//www. sequence-inc. com/fraudfiles/2009/02/09/accounting-mistreatment-by-overstock/ Fornell, C. (2007). ACSI Quarterly Commentaries Fourth-Quarter 2007 Survey. Retrieved http//www. theacsi. org/index. php? option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=clxv Taub, S. (2008). Botched ERP Hookup Spurs Restatement. CFO. com. Retrieved February 9, 2010. Retrieved from http//www. cfo. com/article. cfm/12494875

Comparisson of Leadership Styles to Henry V Essay

This weeks lecture dealt with the theories associated to the skills admittance to lead. The skills approach evoke be thought of as very similar to the character theory. In it we use some characteristics from a person to determine their leadership strength. The main difference between these two approaches to understanding leadership is that, period trait theory discusses personality characteristics in mountain, skills theory focuses on skills and abilities that these deal possess. Robert Kratz proposed a model for skills theory in 1955. It was called Skills of an effective Administrator and recognizes that in that respect be three skills that a manager should possess. These three skills are good skills, human skills, and conceptual skills.Technical competence encompasses the knowledge, dexterity and expertise that a person brings with them to their muse and that are integral to help him accomplish the job that he is assigned. This type of competence can come from a testi s education, on-the-job training and/or personal experience. some(a) examples of technical improvement can be how to use certain software packages such as Microsoft office, or Adobe Photoshop. It is not only restricted to computer and electronics use, and can also be the knowledge an accountant has on ratios and balance sheets. Some cadences to building technical competencies are to first define your job, you fill to know what types of tasks you will be required to complete.After that the next step is to become an expert at that job, either by receiving a stately education or gaining experience at a similar job to the one you want. Finally, the last stop to building technical competencies is to seek opportunities to use those skills except also to seek opportunities in the job itself. You do this in order to further expand your knowledge in that area and to be able to use your skills in original ways and learn newfound ones. Two other things that we learned in class this week was most credibility and self-assertiveness. Credibility is the ability to make people trust you and has more benefits as a leader.There are two components to credibility and they are building expertise and building trust. Assertiveness is not bullying and differs from aggression. solely it is similar in the way that you are a person that confronts people and do not beat around the bush. I was quite astonied by the portrayal of Henry V in this weeks movie. It was only due to his leadership and motivational skills that the British were able to get the better of the French at the battle of Agincourt, even off while being disadvantageously outnumbered. He did not have the experience that other people world power have had but he learned as he went and make the most of the situations that he was in.He also displayed both assertiveness and credibility. His assertiveness was demonstrated on his first speech by trying to debar battle and to cow the leaders of the other army to sur render. His credibility was shown even more by fighting alongside his men and mingling with them. This credibility also helped him deliver such a great speech as he did before Agincourt.The closest thing in real manners that I have seen until now is my current manager at Sodexo supply services. She has an air of authority about her and is able to issue commands at will, but she also relates to the employees and is the first one to help in preparing and performing events. She, worry Henry, fights alongside us. This earned her my respect and loyalty, much more than the higher ups in the Sodexo office that do not help out at events. This is a great example of both assertiveness and credibility.

Political Psychology Essay

Rape victims, survivors of plane crashes, combat veterans, and some others who acquit experienced exceedingly combat injurytic level offts whitethorn react emotionally with a posttraumatic focussing overturn. This reply is characterized by involuntary reexperiencing of the traumatic events, especially the original lookings of shock, horror, and dismay, in dreams or flashbacks. In addition, victims experience an emotional numbing in relation to customary events, associated with feelings of alienation from other good deal. Finally, the emotional pain of this reaction underside publication in an increase of various symptoms, such as sleep problems, transgression about surviving, difficulty in concentrating, and an exaggerated startle response (Calkins, 1996).The built in bed 9/11 A to a greater extent than recent example was the 9/11 incident. The safety and protection that was a seal of American brotherly order was devastated by the 9/11 after(prenominal)math. The A merican mint who pull in gone finished the ill fortune of either of their p bents, brothers, sisters, next of kin, or friends whitethorn well be putting up now with everyplacepowering harassment. They go forth want all the emotional assistance they can obtain and they violate deport an extended recovery period. Life allow never count on the same again for any oblivious or sentient American people, precisely the young people who have upheld somebodyal fatalities may emergency considerable support from qualified, compassionate specialists (Skene, 2001). The world is non in the slightest peaceful, solely at present, there is no security issue taking affectionateness stage and the situation in the 9/11 assault is no exception. The 9/11 event had impressed upon America a great sense of threat at the advent of the new millennium. The 9/11 terrorist attacks incited terror, fury, grief, revulsion, fear, empathy, bewilderment, melancholy, retribution sundry reactions in a nation that was everlastingly changed.To fork out the mixed reaction of a private several(prenominal) in a more politically relevant sense, it is wise to recall how then Senator Edward Livingston could be more important at these prison terms with his words in a debate on the Alien and Sedition Acts we atomic emergence 18 absurd full to call ourselves free and enlightened time we advocate principles that would have shame the age of Gothic barbarity (Skene, 2001). They may well not on the whole come to terms with the intangible theories thrashed out by counselors or on the television newscast but argon prone to be directed in their thoughts by a distinct discernment of validity. They may have traffic with a diversity of sentiments and impressions, and their articulation may subsume mimicking or self-deleterious actions as a way of dealing with their retaliation, fury, and despondency. A number of children at this contour may demonstrate a reluctance to speak of their senti ments and thoughts (Dunn, 2001).The psychology of location Posttraumatic attempt Disorder The emotional responses of posttraumatic pains can occur like a shot following the disaster in an acute form and subside over a period of several months or can persist, becoming a chronic syndrome often called the residual filter pattern. In other cases, people may show no immediate reaction but may experience a full-blown posttraumatic tautness disorder after a delay of months or even years. Clinicians atomic number 18 still discovering veterans of World warfare II and the Korean War who are displaying residual or slow down posttraumatic stress disorders (Hinkle, 2004). This delayed posttraumatic stress syndrome has been a special problem in the case of Vietnam veterans. The problems of many seemed to be made worse by feelings that they had been spurned by an unsympathetic American public and that they had been betrayed by their government and had worn out(p) important years of th eir lives in a wasted effort (Bornstein, 1994).In a study of Vietnam veterans with combat experience, called the Forgotten Warrior Project, John Wilson, a psychologist at Cleveland State University found that (Kagan, 2004)Their suicide rate was 23 to 33 portion higher than the national average.Of those who had been married when they left the United States, 38 percent were divorced within six months after returning.The rate of hospitalization for drunkenness or drinking problems was high and increasing.About half of them still had around emotional problems related to ad justment of civilian life.Brian offshore is one of the authors that delved into the demesne of stress and its health consequences. Seaward notes that aside from the special life events that may be experienced by almost everyone, the most appreciable break-dance of the list is the concept of change. This implies that change may be in tandem bicycle with stress as being a natural part of modern living. That chan ge is the ultimate source of stress. Change becomes a powerful stressor actor because it necessitates adaptation whether it is perceived as a negative or tyrannical experience (Calkins, 1996).The important features of posttraumatic stress disorder, according to Seaward, are cognition and stress. Stress affects cognition as anxiety intrudes on ones thought as demonstrated by his unstoppable pangs of emotion, excessive preoccupation with the imminent situation or person, startling reactions, and other unwanted sensations. It may as well impair memory and attention during cognitive tasks. It may overly leaven attention, principally regarding memories of the stressor but repetitive thoughts can perpetuate stress and scram it chronic (Calkins, 1996).Seaward also enumerates the emotional signs of health hassle, which are among others, anxiety, irrit expertness, increase aggression, lack of enthusiasm, depression, alienation, and low self-esteem. Indecision, impaired judgments, lac k of concentration, lapses in memory, and absentmindedness are about cases of mental drawbacks caused by health troubles.Seaward also shows that there are individuals who are more prone to health troubles than others. As a result, the ability to cope with poor health is not the same with everyone. For instance, effective coping with stress depends upon how people go about their daylight-to-day lives. Lifestyle is a key factor in determining the likelihood of an improved posttraumatic stress disorder (Calkins, 1996).Posttraumatic stress disorder is usually coupled with feelings of sadness, discouragement, and dissatisfaction and usually occurs with other symptoms, such as feelings of worthlessness or guilt, decreased energy, and suicidal thoughts. rightful(prenominal) as one can have the flu and bladder transmittance at the same time, it is quite possible, especially in the milder forms of bipolar disorder, to be both abnormally depressed and anxious at the same time (Dunn, 2001 ).Survivors of extremely traumatic experiences such as 9/11 are sometimes left with special anxiety problems. Some act as if they have been by the shock of their ordeal. Their interest in life is diminished, and they feel alienated from the people around them. new(prenominal)s develop a tendency to inhabit constantly on the alert, as if disaster is sure to strike again at any moment.They tend also to startle easily. People who have lived through auto crashes may panic at the sound if cars in the night. Those who have endured a mugging or rape may suffice with a start whenever they hear strange sounds, and some former prisoners o war and hostages report equal reactions whenever they hear approaching footsteps (Skene, 2001).Survivors of mental trauma are potential also to keep reliving their experience. They suffer from nightmares in which the shattering episode is reenacted in all its terrifying detail, and by day they find themselves suddenly overwhelmed by harrowing memories w henever they are exposed to situations that even remotely resemble the original event (Garca, 2005).There is evidence also that mood disorders are related to disturbances in the brain, to such an extent that the symptoms sometimes appear without any provocation. Neither the depressed individual nor the soaked family and friends can point to any unusually stressful event that might have caused a depression (Dunn, 2001).The Responsive Behavior of the Young and the OldPosttraumatic stress reactions can occur at any age. Some people deal over the traumatic experience of 9/11 soon enough, but others are troubled by symptoms for years on end. A number of elderly concentration camp survivors broke down completely decades after their ordeal was over when they had to be hospitalized for medical reasons. The experience was sufficiently similar to imprisonment to reopen fully the old psychological wounds (Garca, 2005).Children endure with bereavement a lot in the vein of adults, but with sti ll not as much of discernment (Garca, 2005). When taking children in hand, it is imperative to blot that they almost certainly discern more than what parents grant them credit for. in spite of the fact that parents inherently desire to safeguard their children from pain, even the youngest kid understands that something is abysmally wrong and yearns to grasp why the every adult distraught and in tears.This protective attitude merely serves to deprive the child of a gamble to learn more about grief management and coping skills, which are indispensable throughout a persons life, especially when he or she prolongs live in the absence of any parent who is speculate to shield them from deep sorrow since it is the parent or any close relative who has passed away (Garca, 2005).It is of the essence(p) to acknowledge that every child is irreproducible in his or her comprehension of the entire process of death. This discernment attach on their developmental phase, intellectual skills, teachings by parents, teachers, and significant others, personality attributes, imaginativeness in the media, spiritual convictions, and prior incidents of death induced by 9/11 (Hinkle, 2004). Nevertheless, there are a number of consequential factors that will be useful in comprehending how young people live through and cope with death and its aftermath (Dunn, 2001).Coping strategy of an individuals behavioral and psychological efforts to buffer or minimize environmental and indwelling demands of posttraumatic stress disorder. Coping means that the person is taking charge of his or her own life and is seeking the resources needed to solve current problems (Garca, 2005). Seaward furthers that although the coping strategies used by individuals are often distinct, coping temperaments are to a large extent acquired from the social environment.The manner in which people attempt to resolve stressful situations, the cognitive strategies that they use to downsize threat, and the techniqu es for handling tensions are largely gained from the groups to which they belong. A person tries to contain the threat and beat stress in two ways, namely focusing on the problem and on the emotions (Bornstein, 1994). Other grown-ups are overly wrapped up in their anguish to make an effort to comprehend how the firsthand witnesses of the 9/11 attacks fathom. Other people usually misconstrue the bystanders demonstration of sentiments, characteristically stand firm themselves responsible for their fellowmens lamentation or rage. Therefore, even though it is likely for the entire people to express their sorrow in the presence of the world, it is essential to impart an elucidation to the terrorist that they can face the future more stalwartly. Discovering how to relegate their anguish, resentment, and apprehension will help Americans to contend with comparable disasters if truly necessary in the future (Skene, 2001).Conclusion No question about it the 9/11 incident was the commencemen t of enlarged hostilities and vigilance as well. The imagination being broadcast was far too excruciating to behold. Mass terrorist act is not a regular crime it is an enormously terrible crime. Tens of thousands, more or less, are the terrorists tar allow to inflict fatality or fear upon, and they are more than trammeld to rule the world. With continued weak will, no wonder how more people would struggle to stay untreated with posttraumatic stress disorder (Skene, 2001).Attitudes toward those with posttraumatic stress disorder have improved over time. Today, individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder are fortunate enough to be treated in hospitals and clinics sort of of being out away in prisons or asylums. But they are still far from universally accepted either within the family or community. How they are viewed by others can be critical. It can help determine whether they will recover sufficiently to function in hunting lodge, or to continue to be overwhelmed by their sy mptoms and even get worse (Calkins, 1996).For a person with posttraumatic stress disorder, there is no clear-cut organic problem, no entrancement of basic social norms, and no loss of orientation to reality, but the individual shows a lifelong pattern of self-defeating and inadequate coping strategies aimed more at reducing anxiety than at solving life problems. By mental aberrations or psychological scars, the PTSD patient proves to others that he or she is impotent in the face of a threatening world (Dunn, 2001).Our suppuration understanding of posttraumatic stress disorder does more than enable society to naturalize its familiar stranger. In making sense of posttraumatic stress disorder, we are force to come to grips with basic conceptions of normality, reality, and social values. And mind loosed from its stable moorings does not just go on its solitary way it bumps into other minds, sometimes ever-changing their stability (Kagan, 2004).Many PSTD patients are privately treate d at home, while others have learned to conceal their disturbances and not act crazy in public. Still others act out their mental problems in ways that society does not judge as mentally disordered perhaps get together the hate groups, or engaging in socially acceptable forms of violence. retributory as unemployment statistics do not include all those who are inveterate unemployed and have stopped looking for work, so, too, statistics on posttraumatic stress disorder omit those who suffer in silence, living a marginal introduction on the fringes of society (Hinkle, 2004).Indeed, victims of posttraumatic stress disorder caused by 9/11 are usually beset by extremely difficult psychological and social problems. They are likely to be financially strapped, not nevertheless because the therapy can be expensive, but also it interferes with productive work. They tend to be outcasts from both the family and society at large. Often the only persons willing to give them serious attention a re their fellow PTSD patients, which do not really help as negativity enlarges (Bornstein, 1994). Under such depressive, circumstance, they need considerable help to break free from prejudiced society and get a fresh start in life.ReferencesCalkins, Mary Whiton. (1996). An Introduction to Psychology. The Macmillan Company.Bornstein, Marc H. (1994). Psychology and Its Allied Disciplines. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Dunn, Edgar S. (2001). Abnormal Psychology. Resources for the Future.Garca, Cynthia. (2005). Developmental Psychology. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly.Hinkle, Gisela J. (2004). The Development of Modern Sociology Its Nature and process in the United States. Random House.Kagan, Jerome. (2004). The Limitations of Concepts in Developmental Psychology. Developmental Psychology.Skene, Neil. (2001). Sacrificing Freedoms in the Name of Saving Them. Atlanta Creative Loafing.

Cultural Immersion Essay

grow has been characterized as the beliefs, arts, morals, customs and traditions exhibited by a group of individuals within a particular society (Langness 1987). It has long been believed that culture has been associated with ones ancestry. My sightseer to Jamaica has made it evident that this entirely is not the case. There are a number of other factors that could cause two groups of individual from the same ethnical background but living in polar societies. My paper go outdoor(a)(p) be discussing my experiences and realization during my short but meaningful get off to the island of Jamaica.My heathenish Background In order to show that stack who come from the same ethnical background do not necessarily live to have the same culture, I will first provide information regarding my receive personal background to serve as the basis. Although I am an American living in atomic number 20, my ethnical descent is African. The roots of my family are infix in Mississippi. It is for this reason why the food and way of deportment I have been brought up with resembles those that live in the southern part of the country.In fact, even if I do come from a single bring up household, our traditions are very much Southern from the food we eat, the importance we thrust to our religion and spending metre with the family. Day One of My Trip This trip was not just my first time to Jamaica, but my first trip outside of the United States. The moment I had gotten out of the plane, I could hypothesize that I was immediately shocked with what greeted me. When I left California for Jamaica, I went through an airport that was air-conditioned and my full of the latest security charge devices and machines to pass through.I did not see anything of this sort when I arrived in the airport at Jamaica. No high-technology security equipment and no air-conditioner running in the airport. I was greeted by a man named Darwin Mills who was going to produce me to the house of Mr. and Mrs. James, my host family. Mr. Mills disposition was as unattackable as the weather. He was more than happy to drive me first nigh the Montego Bay area of the island to show me around. Although he was extremely enthusiastic approximately everything in Jamaica, I could not help but notice how different it was from my hometown in California.It was if I was in another world. For starters, the vehicle used by Mr. Mills to bring me to my destination was right-handed, which was why they were driving in the diametric lane than I would back in California. I also see people walking on both side of what was supposedly their principal(prenominal) highway. When I meant that they were walking on either side of the highway, I am not talking most them walking on sidewalks on either side of the highway. They were literally walking on the side of the highway. What really caught my prudence was how underdeveloped the area was.It was not anything like what you would see in tourer broch ures and magazines. The streets were filled with pot holes. Houses were small and the fences were poorly made. There were no skyscrapers or large business establishments back home. It made me realize just how blushful I was living in a sturdy well-built house with a sturdy fence and driving on a well-paved road, despite the awful traffic. My first taste of authentic Jamaican cuisine was at luncheon time when Mr. Mills brought me to the Rock House Hotel.I was blown away on just how fresh the food was. It tasted deliciously different. After which, I was taken to Ricks Cafe, which is known more for the daredevils jumping oer the cliffs into the wide blue ocean. At the background was a steel dumbfound band playing Reggae music, which is one of the signatures of Jamaica. I was fascinated on how something so simple could be able to develop wonderful, upbeat music. When Mr. Mills dropped me at Mr. and Mrs. James house, I nearly jumped at the sight of the dogs that Mr. James keeps idle a t the front yard.He apologized for them and explained to me that their dogs were allowed to run loose for their own protection. Although their homes were furnished with two air-conditioners, he explained to me that this is rarely used since electricity is rather overpriced in Jamaica. This is the reason why they completely use electric fans. As I retired for the night, I kept reminding myself not to immediately judge my life back in California and what I have initially seen in Jamaica so that I would be able to fully understand more about living in Jamaica. Day Two of My TripThe set off of the second day of my trip was when Mr. and Mrs. James introduced me to Mr. James uncle, Charles and his cousin, Brenda. It was through my chat with them that I begun to slowly learn more about Jamaica. According to them, for a long time, Jamaica had been a colony of England. It only gained its independence in 1962. absolute majority of the inhabitants of the island were predominantly of Afri can descent, like I was. Although they live far away from Africa, they still hold dearly to their African traditions and customs.Celebrations of the various African festivals are held annually. Despite its booming tourism industry, Jamaica remains to be a trinity world country. This conversation had answered a lot of my questions when I had first arrived in Jamaica and it had opened my eyes and my mind and developed an understanding and appreciation to the people living in Jamaica. Despite everything surrounding them, they remain to be untoughened and extremely accommodating to me and more than willing to help me learn as much as I can about Jamaica and Jamaicans way of life. Day Three of My TripMy last day in Jamaica happened to land on a Sunday. The day started with a day at the beachside which Jamaica has long been known for. But I did not go on that point to swim, because I do not know how. Instead, I had been taken by Mr. James to the beach to do some shopping. Unlike in Cal ifornia where everything is bought in the local grocery or seafood market, here in Jamaica, it only takes a matter of a few hours for the food to be caught, picked, cleaned, cooked and served. speaking with meals, my last meal in Jamaica was something similar that one that I would unremarkably have back home.We were served a feast of greens, jerk chicken, rice and peas. tho like back home, Sunday was a time when families get in concert and enjoy each others company over a wonderful transmit of home-cooked favorites. Reflection Taking the road less traveled by American tourists in Jamaica, I was able to learn so much about their way of life. Back home, I have been fortunate to have gateway to a number of amenities and privileges that most Jamaicans would only dream about. Yet, their daub has not diminished their warm and sunny outlook towards life.Despite their hold in resources, Jamaicans are able to make the most of what they have and keep a positive outlook. For instance, s ome African Americans to this day hold a malice against Caucasian Americans for the prejudice, racism and oppression the older generations have experienced since the time of the slave trade. While Jamaicans had also experienced the same oppressive interposition in the hands of the English, they have placed the oppression behind them and alternatively celebrate on the fact that they are now free from the oppression. fibre Langness, L. L. (1987). The Study of Culture. Novato, CA Chandler & Sharp.

The Socio Economic Impact Of Credit Environmental Sciences Essay

Low productiveness coupled with corruptness in the punish of political science policies and the trouble by aquaculture angle husbandmans to unveiling cognizance which is an of implication ingredient for tuition, increased productiveness and improved supports necessitates this purview. The glance depart be conducted to measure the Socio-Economic Impact of Credit on Aquaculture Fish Farmers in Ogun nation, Nigeria. This is with the purview to measure the consequence of the seek husbandmans socio-economic features and institutional factors that could regard seek arrive at from aquaculture in the peck country.Primary in processations go away be generated by the government of semi- coordinate questionnaires on indiscriminately selected aquaculture seek husbandmans who benefitted from credit rating and those who did non such that they argon as spread over the 20 ( 20 ) topical anaesthetic Government Areas of Ogun province, Nigeria. The husbandmans will be stratifi ed into donees of light ( 40 ) and non-beneficiaries of realisation ( 60 ) , sampled on the footing of three ( 3 ) aquaculture fish husbandmans who benefitted from recognition and three ( 3 ) aquaculture fish husbandmans who did non do headway from recognition per Local Government Area ( LGA ) .The first in reverberateations generated will be scored and the per centums of the parametric quantities will be calculated fitly and presented in frequence tabular arraies. The chief statistical tools that will be employed atomic number 18 average, per centum, whole norm and frequence counts. Descriptive statistical method and illative statistics will be employed to discourse consequences. The consequences would be used to provide recommendations for betterment, based on findings.Introduction.The general aim of this position is to find the consequence of the fish husbandman s socio-economic features and institutional factors that could meet fish production from aquaculture in the value country Figs. 1, 2 and 3 ) .The major purposes of the curriculum vitae are as followsI. Measure the socio-economic features of fish husbandmans who benefitted and those who did non loot from recognition.two Evaluate the allude of recognition usage on the productiveness of aquaculture in the survey country.three. Measure the gunpoint of production of fish husbandmans who benefitted from and those who did non profit from recognition.four. Identify the jobs and/or factors that militate against the coveted impact of recognition on fish husbandmans in Ogun State, Nigeria.v. Identify the beginning ( s ) of recognition and form of expense to the fish husbandmans.six. Proffer recommendations for betterment, based on findings.In evidence to accomplish the above enunciated major purposes of the survey, the seek inquiries for this survey are at that placeof formulated as followsI. Do aquaculture angle husbandmans with entryway to recognition squander a better socio-economic l ife? two. Does entree to recognition impact on the productiveness of aquaculture fish agriculture? three. How does the beginning and form of recognition expenditure impact on the overall socio-economic life of aquaculture fish husbandmans? In Nigeria, pastoral funding has long been considered a tough nut to cleft. Even when available, entree to recognition is seriously for husbandmans. However, at that place has been re naked as a jaybirded involvement by the federal Government in get the better ofing the obstructions that hinder entree to untaught obstructions, as finance is an of import ingredient for development, as it allows agricultural communities to go successful in making supports and better nutrient security.Despite versatile attempts by the Nigerian authorities at doing good agricultural policies through strategies, programmes and establishments, with agricultural recognition strategies, which has been working for many centenarian ages, the in the public eye(pr edicate) origination of the sector has non fared better than it was beforehand independency. This has been diversely blamed on the authorities s inability to provide equal budgetary allotment and funding, coupled with corruptness in the executing of the policies ( Eze, C. et Al. 2010 ) .It is hence pertinent to determine the impact of recognition strategies on the donees, and in peculiar the piscaries sector. It is against this background that this survey is knowing to measure the socio-economic impact of recognition on aquaculture fish husbandmans in Ogun State, Nigeria.Relation to earlier Research.Though modern aquaculture in Nigeria is of recent pattern, artisanal fishermen and move communities have for coevalss practiced conventional methods of fish nurturing in tidal pools and inundation fields ( Dada 2007, 1975 ) . FAO, 2003, describe that Nigeria contributed 6.4 % to agricultural production in Africa in twelvemonth 2000, with domestic fish production from aquaculture increasing from 4.5 % in 1999 to 5.5 % in 2000 ( Table 2 ) . Although there is considerable possible for aquaculture in Nigeria, the present part to domestic fish production from this sector is sort of low. Out of the estimated one-year production of 467,098 dozenss in 2000, less than 10 % came from aquaculture ( federal official division of Fisheries, 2003 ) .In malice of the self-confidence of aquaculture, there are tonss of jobs militating against its development. Prominent among these are hapless choice fish seed and provender, hapless sub social organization, unequal proficient know-how and recognition ( Olaoye et al. , 2011 ) . Credit which is of enormous importance to the nutriment of fish agriculture and agricultural development in Nigeria is nevertheless missing in the strategy of things ( Onwuka, 2006 ) . Even when available, entree to recognition is wakeless for husbandmans in the rural countries despite the fact that it is an indispensable comment in agricultural production ( Olaoye, 2010 ) . This could be attributed to miss of discipline and corroborative securities among husbandmans and administrative bureaucratic bottle cervixs.Out of despair to transform the assure s agricultural sector, the federal Government of Nigeria has since the early 1970s, embarked on epoch-making capital investing programmes in agribusiness, based on the belief that recognition is the all in all productive input required by husbandmans to transform their productive capacity ( Olowa et al. , 2011 ) . In position of the failed yesteryear recognition strategies and acknowledgment of the of import function recognition dramas in agricultural development and sustainability, prompted the Federal Government of Nigeria to set up recognition strategies such as the artless Credit Guarantee precis ( ACGS ) and unsophisticated Credit apply Scheme ( ACSS ) , amongst others to guarantee husbandman s entree to recognition. The constitution of these new recognition strategies notwithstanding, entree to recognition by husbandmans has non well improved. Based on the 2006 Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire Survey, it is estimated that merely 18 % of farm families ( chiefly pocket- coat husbandmans ) have entree to fiscal operate ( Akramov, 2009 ) .It is frequently in reality hard to quantitatively show the impact of recognition on small-scale husbandmans, because it is hard to capture and analyze all of its benefits ( Accion external, 2010 ) . However, Okojie et Al. ( 2010 ) in an interview of do work workers in Edo State, Nigeria found that micro-credit had a positive impact on the line and household life of rural inhabitants that had entree to NGO-MFIs. Feijo ( 2001 ) besides found that there was a positive impact on the lives of husbandmans who benefited from the recognition installations of the Program to gage Family agriculture ( PRONAF ) in Brazil, based on the measuring of productiveness developing of their chief harvests.In the same vena, Oyeyinka et Al. ( 2009 ) , analyzing the impact of donees and non-beneficiaries of the NACRDB smallholder bestow strategy in Oyo State, Nigeria, found that the turn upput, in obtain, and entree to improved farm inputs of donees were spicyer compared to that of non-beneficiaries. Other impacts take betterments in easing economic minutess, pull offing daily resources, accessing services that improve fiber of life, protecting against economic exposure, doing productiveness sweetenings and leveraging assets. Finally, participants in the FGD posited that timely recognition proviso facilitates the timely acquisition of farm inputs, which champion husbandmans better their support.Traditional aquaculture system and gaining control piscaries have socio-economic impacts on move communities in Nigeria. Harmonizing to Federal Department of Fisheries ( 2000 ) , traditional aquaculture systems and gaining control piscaries provide habit for over 1 million people in Nigeria. The se systems account for 70 90 % of the one-year income of angling communities in Nigeria ( DFID-FAO, 2002 ) . The writers nevertheless pointed out that the income is instead low and can barely prolong them and their households. Gwomna ( 2006 ) submitted that angling communities in Nigeria are socially disadvantaged and lack comfortss like lodging, good imbibing H2O, orthomolecular installations and instruction, therefore compromising their nutritionary security. He besides posited that the socio-economic state of affairss of these angling communities therefore have an impact on the quality of their support.In this survey, I am adding a new dimension of looking at the socio-economic impact of recognition on aquaculture fish husbandmans in Ogun State, Nigeria from the point of position of multi-credit lines instead a individual recognition installation. This is with the position of highlighting, if any, the inter lead of multi-credit lines on the demographics of adoption and its mus ical accompaniment effects on the aquaculture fish husbandmans.Proposed Methods.A multi-stage and simple Random Sampling ( SRS ) proficiency will be used to bring out primary selective informations from the field, utilizing sets of structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Aim trying technique will be used to take away three ( 3 ) aquaculture fish husbandmans in each of the 20 ( 20 ) Local Government Areas ( LGAS ) of Ogun State, Nigeria who benefitted from a recognition or bestow strategy, maculation another three ( 3 ) aquaculture fish husbandmans who did non profit from any recognition or loan strategy would be sampled in each of the 20 ( 20 ) Local Government Areas ( LGAs ) .A sum of One nose candy and 20 ( 120 ) aquaculture fish husbandmans will be sampled for the survey, with accent on husbandmans that keep reasonably good and accurate records of their operations. The husbandmans will be carve up into two ( 2 ) groups, viz. husbandmans that had entree to recognition o r loan ( whether ball or informal beginnings ) for aquaculture fish agriculture and the 2nd group, husbandmans who did non entree any signifier of recognition or loan. Sets of questionnaire would be administered on the sampled aquaculture fish husbandmans between the 1st of November 2012 and 16th December 2012. Effort will be made to guarantee equal spread and representation of each Local Government Area.The primary informations would be generated on the socio-economic features of the aquaculture fish husbandmans, such as age, pool size ( s ) , provenders, gender, extension services, rank of Fishermen Co-operative Societies, fish inputs, quality of fish gimmick and income, educational background, recognition beginning ( s ) and form of expense, experience and family size of the husbandman, and jobs restraining aquaculture fish agriculture in Ogun State, Nigeria, etc. , utilizing structured questionnaires.The secondary informations would be extracted from archived paperss of recogni tion facilitators, oversing authorities bureaus and relevant published research work and documents. The information would include, the stallion one-year fish production and entire aquaculture fish production in Ogun State and Nigeria for the last five old ages list of aquaculture fish husbandmans in Ogun State, and list of the different types of aquaculture fish pools, their size and locations and relevant literature on aquaculture fish production in Ogun State in peculiar and Nigeria in general. Besides, informations on the sum of loans, figure of loan donees, loan public presentation and the demographics of adoption, etc. The administrations from whom these informations would be extracted from their archives, include Ogun State Agricultural Development Project, Ogun State Agricultural Management and Credit Scheme ( OSAMCA ) , Nigeria Agricultural Credit and Rural Development Bank ( NACRDB ) , Ogun State Ministry of Agriculture, Federal Department of Fisheries ( FDF ) , Univers ity of Agriculture, Abeokuta and any other relevant bureaus and establishments.The primary informations generated from the questionnaire will be scored, and the per centums of the parametric quantities will be calculated suitably and presented in frequence tabular arraies. The chief statistical tools that will be employed are average, per centums, and whole norm and frequence counts. Descriptive statistical methods and illative statistics will be used to discourse the information. The descriptive analysis will be used to foreground the nature and frequence of informations and jobs encountered by the aquaculture fish husbandmans in the province.To buttress the choice of the interview method for informations coevals for the survey, Hirsjarvi et Al. ( 2009 ) and Hirsjarvi ( 2008 ) opined that the interview method is a good method of informations coevals, as it allows for the enlargement of information, clarify in regard(p) replies, and acquire exemplifying illustrations. Hirsjarvi an d Hume ( 2008 ) define interview as a tool, proposing that the interviewers guggle is to intercede the image of respondents ideas, sentiments, experiences, and feelings. A semi-structured interview type will be chosen for this survey as it is the most suited, sing the nature of the topic.Contemplations.This survey is of great importance and involvement to me because it forms portion of what I intend to make in the hereafter and besides its ability to add to the bing organic structure of cognition. It is anticipated that the survey would besides assist broaden my cognition on aquaculture fish agriculture. The survey has the ability to bring forth critical and helpful information that could help policy preparation. Though the survey can be clip devouring, dashing and frustrating, it is every bit rewarding.In transporting out a survey of this nature, there are normally built-in jobs that would necessitate to be addressed in order to carry on a qualitative research that can adequatel y lend to the bing organic structure of cognition. nigh of the awaited jobs and intended solution would be highlighted.The most awaited quarrel is that of the moralss of the respondents, peculiarly in a underdeveloped smart set like Nigeria, with a reasonably low literacy degree and official corruptness makes people untrusting of each other and apathy towards the behavior of study. This ethical consideration demand to be considered as many of the respondents may be loath to take portion in the survey or may non be really willing to unwrap critical and personal information to an unknown beginning. This is referable to the uncertainness of what the divulged information will be used for, who might come in contact with such information and how the information would be used.In position of the high prevalence of crisp corrupt patterns in the society and public establishments, entree to secondary informations from public and private establishments could be hard, and if provided, the y may non be a true contemplation of what obtains on land. To work out this job therefore, I intend to guarantee all those that would necessitate to supply information for the survey of their confidentiality and namelessness, while besides acquiring a letter of foundation from the University. I besides intend to acquire the consent of respondents before interview and guaranting that they are adequately educated on the absorbed of the survey and that the information provided will be used strictly for the exclusive intent of survey.The usage of multi-stage and simple random sample ( SRS ) technique to bring forth primary informations utilizing sets of structured and semi-structured inquiries comes with its ain attendant restrictions, such as the debut of the research workers prejudice in the class of interview. The prejudices of a research worker on a subject tend to on occasion play itself out on the manner the interview inquiries for the survey are structured. I hence would guara ntee that I am as indifferent and open-minded as possible. This is besides pertinent in position of the fact that the survey could assist clarify some salient issues which could assist construct on my cognition of aquaculture fish agriculture.Finally, to accomplish a research work of high quality, I would use myself to the survey with much diligence, difficult work, committedness and untied head.Decision.In reasoning this survey, inferals from the analysis of the information generated will be used to proffer recommendations for the betterment of the socio-economic features of the aquaculture fish husbandmans and the ability of the husbandmans to entree recognition, its form of expense and degree of public presentation.On the whole, all issues that come up from the survey as respects the socio-economic features of the aquaculture fish husbandmans and their entree to recognition will be discussed and recommendations proffered for their betterment.The survey will be concluded by assoc iating the subject with all the findings of the survey vis-a-vis the aims of the survey.Time tabularize.A. 1st November 2012 to 16th December 2012Polish of questionnaire and disposal.Primary informations gather through questionnaire disposal.Expansion of Review of Relevant Literature and Secondary selective information Gathering.Draft write-up of Chapter 1.B. 17th December 2012 to 13th January 2013.Extraction and bite of information ( information ) from questionnaire.Analysis of collated information ( information ) .Presentation of analyzed information ( information )Draft write-up of chapter 2.C. 14th January 2013 to 28th March 2013.Draft write-up of thesis. entree of bill of exchange transcript of thesis.Submission of concluding transcript of thesis.Mentions.Accion International. n.d. standard the impact of microfinance Our Perspective. hypertext transfer protocol //www.accion.org/Document.Doc? id=794. Accessed July 30, 2010.Akinbile, L.A. ( 2007 ) . Standardization of socio-eco nomic spatial relation ( SES ) graduated table for farm households in South West Nigeria. Journal of Social Sciences, 14 ( 3 ) 221-227.Akramov, K.T ( 2009 ) . Decentralization, agricultural services and determiners of input usage in Nigeria. intelligence Paper 941, Washington, D.C International Food Policy Research Institute.Dada, B.F. ( 2007 ) . Fisheries Development in Nigeria. The challenges and chances of accessing fund. The president s reference delivered by Otunba Bamidele Dada ( OON ) at the public talk organised by the Fisheries Society of Nigeria ( FISON ) in Lagos, Nigeria.Dada, B.F. ( 1975 ) . Present Status and Prospects for Aquaculture in Nigeria. Symposium on Aquaculture in Africa. CIFA/T4, Rome FAO.DFID-FAO ( 2002 ) . Contribution of Fisheries Research to the proceeds of Livelihoods in West African Fisheries Communities Case Study of Nigeria. Rome DFID-FAO. operable hypertext transfer protocol //www.sflp.org/eng/fr/003/doc/rpniga2.doc. Accessed 19th March 2005.Ez e, C. , Lemchi, J.J. , Ugochukwu, A.I. , Eze, V.C. , Awulonu, C.A.O. , and Okon, A.X. ( 2010 ) . Agricultural Financing Policies and rural Development in Nigeria. The 84th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society, Edinburgh. 29th to 31st March 2010.Food and Agricultural organic law ( FAO ) ( 2003 ) . Review of the State of World Aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 886, Rev.2. Rome FAO.Federal Department of Fisheries ( FDF ) ( 2003 ) . Domestic Fish production by sectors ( 1991-2000 ) . Lagos, Nigeria Federal Department of Fisheries.Gwomna, A. ( 2006 ) . The Role of Traditional Aquaculture Systems and Fish in Food Security and Livelihoods of seek Communities in two States in Nigeria. Ph.D. Thesis Submitted at The Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland. October 2006.Okojie, C. Monye-Emina, A Eghofona, K Osaghae, G and Ehiakhamen, J.O ( 2010 ) . Institutional environment and entree to microfinance by freelance adult females in the rural countries of Edo State.NSSP Brief No. 14. Washington, D.C International Food Policy Research Institute.Shimang, G.N. ( 1999 ) . Status Review of Aquaculture Development in Nigeria ( 1940-1998 ) , Abuja, Nigeria. Federal Department of Fisheries.

David Fletcher Case Study

baptistry Study David Fletcher 1. What are Davids greatest strengths as a group leader? Greatest developmental needs? How did these strengths and weaknesses affect Davids cleverness to cast a successful police squad the start-off time near? Points for Class disputeion Greatest Strengths * David is focused on the objective of the squad up and he is well aware of the function of the group once assembled. * David is in any case good in building mutual connection with his group members as exemplified by his student-t from to each one angiotensin converting enzymeer relationship with Stephanie.Developmental Needs * David lacks populate skills He should be more critical in identifying and analyzing interpersonal problems within his organization and distribute these problems promptly. He should realize that collaboration of his team is as important as their individual contribution, if not more. Effects to Team Building Having a percipient objective of what the team is supp osed to be doing will help a lot in achieving its goal. This was evident when the team was smoothly running the first couple of months.However, as the team was not built on good foundation and members are not really compatible working with each otherwise, cracks unconstipatedtually formed that lead to the downfall of the group. 2. What type of team was David move to assemble? What type of team do you think would be more or less appropriate for this specific business environment? David Fletcher was originally trying to build a enquiry team composing of analysts who are experts in trusted industries.His preference of having experts for team members came from the need to analyze and sift through wide amount of research data that ordure assist him in glide slope up with sound investment decisions. His decision of building a research team to handle the details of his day to day operations would be the most appropriate strategy given his specific business environment. 3. Discuss what you think the biggest problems/obstacles faced by David in the transition to teams.Considering that Davids strengths imprecate on his ability to focus on what is in front of him and control sense out of the chaos of information that floods his day to day operation, one of his biggest obstacle is his lacks of skill in observing how his team members interact with each other which highlights his ineffectiveness in people management. Additionally, the lack of structure in the way they organized their team is not really helpful in the overall cohesion and synergy of the group although they claim to have solo one goal which is to make money for their investors and improve their portfolio.This brings in another(prenominal) obstacle for David as his initial intention for a team in the main rely on the strength of each individual members instead of capitalizing on a symphonious relationship of the group. 4. Assess Davids second look for to build a team. As Davids original team fa ll apart, his effort of building another team has the potential to follow the equivalent route and fall into similar obstacles that lead to the downfall of the original team if he doesnt analyze deeper the circumstances and factors that lead to the failure.Although the potential team members are promising, there is no guarantee of a cohesive team not unless David invests more on his people to build a harmonious relationship between his subordinates. On the other hand, his initiative to persevere even if challenged with the task of starting all over again to rebuild the team is commendable. 5. What advice would you give to bloody shame Robinson? Points for discussion Joining a group involves a lot of risks especially if it is a small, closely-knit team since the interactivity between members is relatively high.Although Marys initial impression is positive, there is no guarantee that she can effectively work with the members in the long run. Furthermore, focusing on her compass of e xpertise alone does not guarantee her success since Davids team is involved in various industries which may require her to work with other experts of her team. On the other hand, being in a focused and driven team will greatly improve her skills in portfolio management. If she possesses adequate people skills to blend and work with her team members without any complications then joining Davids team may prove to be a great life story move for her.

Disadvantage of This Method of Observing of Childeren

Assignment task The whole task must be completed in order to achieve the unit. You must show an apprehensiveness of diversity and inclusive practice finishedout the assignment. You work in an earlyish age setting with children aged 4 years. A meeting is to be held to discuss the childrens social increase. The children in this group will soon be moving to a different setting. 1. define the expected order of social learning of children aged 4 years and children aged 5 years The expected stage of social development of children aged 4 years The expected stage of social development of children aged 5 years 2. Consider how and wherefore practitioners observe children in the setting Describe ONE suitable system of observing and recording the social development of children aged 5 years rationalise ONE advantage of this method of observing children Explain ONE disadvantage of this method of observing children Explain how observations can be used to support the development of c hildren Explain why it is important to understand the pattern of development of children from birth to 16 years 3.Identify the main influences that may affect the social development of children 4. Describe how chomp and meal times can support the social development of development 5. write about how childrens development may be impact when they set about transitions and ways the practitioner can support children through transitions Write about how childrens development may be affected when they experience transitions Write about ways the practitioner can support children through transitions 6. Reflects on the reasons why everyday care routines are important in early years group settings

Boko Haram

Boko Haram From Wikipedia, the bighearted encyclopedia Jump to navigation, search Boko Haram People affiliated to the Propagation of the Prophets Teachings and Jihad Participant in the Nigerian sharia law engagement Active 2002 ideology Islamism Islamic fundamentalism Oppose man-made law put up strict sharia law Leaders Mohammed Yusuf Abubakar Shekau1 Mallam Sanni Umaru23not in citation givenAbu Qaqa spokesman4 Abu Zaid spokesman3 furnish Kanamma, NigeriaAreaof operations Northern Nigeria Opponents Nigerian State Battles/wars Nigerian Sharia conflict 2009 Nigerian sectarian wildness Map of Nigerian states that before long implement Shariah (in green) People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophets Teachings and Jihad5 (Arabic , Jamaatu Ahlis hadith Liddaawati Wal-Jihad), break known by its Hausa concern Boko Haram, is a jihadist timidityist organization based in the northeast of Nigeria. 6 It is an Islamist movement which strongly opposes man-made laws. Fo unded by Mohammed Yusuf in 20017 or 2002,8 the organisation is a Muslim sect that seeks to abolish the secular constitution of g everyplacenment and establish sharia law in the country. 910 The host is excessively known for antiaircraft guning Christian churches. 11 The movement, whose name in the Hausa language, Boko Haram, translates as westerly sandwich education is sacrilege9 or a sin,12 is divided into common chord factions, and in 2011, was responsible for more than 450 killings in Nigeria. 9 Though the separate offshoot became known internationally following sectarian violence in Nigeria in 2009, it does not let a clear structure or evident chain of command. 13 Moreover, it is still a matter of debate whether Boko Haram has links to terror come forwardfits eruptside Nigeria and its urgeers go frequently clashed with Nigerias central political sympathies. 9 Contents * 1 Etymology * 2 Ideology * 2. 1 Criticism * 3 History * 3. 1 telescope * 3. 2 Origin * 3. 3 Th e beginning of violence * 3. 4 Reemergence * 4 Assessment * 5 Funding * 6 See similarly * 7 References * 8 External links EtymologyThe convocation has adopted its official name to be People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophets Teachings and Jihad, which is the English translation of Jamaatu Ahlis Sunna Liddaawati wal-Jihad ( ). In the town of Maiduguri, where the group was formed, the residents dubbed it Boko Haram. The term Boko Haram comes from the Hausa word boko meaning western education and the Arabic word haram figuratively meaning sin (literally, nix). 14151617 The name, loosely translated from Hausa, means western education is forbidden.The group make this name due to its strong opposition to anything Western, which it sees as corrupting Muslims. 18 Ideology Boko Haram is an indigenous Salafist group which only turned itself into a Salafist Jihadist group in 2009. 6 It propagates that not only interaction with the Western World is forbidden, but it is also ag ainst the Muslim establishment and the government of Nigeria. 19 The group publicly extols its ideology scorn the fact that its founder and former leader Muhammad Yusuf was himself a highly educated man who lived a lavish life and drove a Mercedes Benz. 14 The members of the group do not interact with the local Muslim population20 and have carried out assassinations in the past of any one who criticises it, including Muslim clerics. 18 In a 2009 BBC interview, Muhammad Yusuf, then leader of the group, utter his belief that the concept of a planetary Earth is contrary to Islamic teaching and should be rejected, along with Darwinian evolution and the concept of rain originating from water evaporated by the sun. 21 Before his death, Yusuf reiterated the groups clinical of changing the current education system and rejecting democracy. 22 Nigerian academic Hussain Zakaria told BBC countersign that the controversial cleric had a graduate education, spoke proficient English, lived a lavish lifestyle and drove a Mercedes-Benz. 21 In the wake of the 2009 crackdown on its members and its subsequent reemergence, the growing frequency and geographical range of attacks attributed to Boko Haram have conduct some political and religious leaders in the north to the purpose that the group has now expanded beyond its original religious fundamental law to include not only Islamic militants, but criminal elements and dissatisfy politicians as well. Boko Haram has become a franchise that anyone can buy into. Its something equivalent a Bermuda Triangle, said Borno State Governor Kashim Shettima. 23 Criticism Dr Muazu Babangida Aliyu, the Niger State governor, has criticised the group saying Islam is known to be a religion of peace and does not condone violence and crime in any form and Boko Haram doesnt wreak Islam. 24 The Sultan of Sokoto Saadu Abubakar, the spiritual leader of Nigerian Muslims, has called the sect anti-Islamic and, as account by the website AllAfrica . om, an embarrassment to Islam. 25 The Coalition of Muslim ecclesiastics in Nigeria (CMCN) have called on the Boko Haram to disarm and embrace peace. 26 The Islamic Circle of North America,27 the Islamic despotic Council of Canada,28 The Muslim Council of Britain,29 the Organization of Islamic Cooperation30 and the Council on American Islamic Relations31 have all condemned the group. History Background Main articles Islam in Nigeria and Colonial NigeriaBefore colony and subsequent annexation into the British Empire, the Bornu Empire ruled the territory where Boko Haram is currently active. It was a sovereign sultanate run according to the principles of the Constitution of Medina, with a majority Kanuri Muslim population. The Bornu Sultanate emerged after the overthrow of the Kanem-Bornu Empire ruled by the Saifawa dynasty for over 2000 years. The Bornu Sultanate of the Kanuri is distinct from the Sokoto Caliphate of the Hausa/Fulani established in 1802 by the army conquest of Usman dan Fodio. 6 two the Bornu Sultanate and Sokoto Caliphate came under control of the British in 1903. However, due to activities of early Christian missionaries who used Western education as a tool for evangelism, it is viewed with disbelief by the local population. 18 Increased dissatisfaction gave rise to umteen fundamentalists among the Kanuri and other peoples of northeast Nigeria. One of the most famous such fundamentalists was Mohammed Marwa, also known as Maitatsine, who was at the height of his notoriety during the 1970s and 1980s.He was sent into exile by the British authorities, he refused to believe Mohammed was the Prophet and instigated riots in the country which resulted in the deaths of thousands of people. Some analysts view Boko Haram as an extension of the Maitatsine riots. 32 Origin The group was founded by Mohammed Yusuf in 2002 in the city of Maiduguri with the aim of establishing a Sharia government in Borno State under former Governor Ali Modu Sheriff . 732 He established a religious complex that included a mosque and a school where many poor families from across Nigeria and from neighboring countries enrolled their children. 18 The centre had ulterior political goals and before long it was also working as a recruiting ground for future jihadis to fight the state. 18 The group includes members who come from neighbouring Chad and Niger and speak only Arabic. 33 In 2004 the complex was relocated to Yusufs home state of Yobe in the village Kanamma near the Niger border. 22 Human Rights visualise researcher Eric Guttschuss told IRIN News that Yusuf successfully attracted followers from unemployed youth by speaking out against police and political corruption. Abdulkarim Mohammed, a researcher on Boko Haram, added that violent uprisings in Nigeria are ultimately due to the fallout of thwarting with corruption and the attendant social malaise of poverty and unemployment. 34 The beginning of violence Timeline of incidents 7 Septembe r 2010 Bauchi prison house break35 31 December 2010 December 2010 capital of Nigeria attack36 22 April 2011 Boko Haram frees 14 prisoners during a jailbreak in Yola, Adamawa State37 29 may 2011 May 2011 northern Nigeria shellings38 6 June 2011 The group claims responsibility for the 2011 Abuja police headquarters bombing3940 26 June 2011 bombing attack on a beer tend in Maiduguri, leaving 25 dead and 12 injured4142 10 July 2011 Bombing at the All Christian Fellowship Church in Suleja, Niger State43 11 July 2011 The University of Maiduguri temperory closes down its campus citing protective cover concerns44 12 August 2011 Prominent Muslim Cleric Liman Bana is shot dead by Boko Haram45 26 August 2011 2011 Abuja bombing46 November 2011 2011 Damaturu attacks404748 25 December 2011 December 2011 Nigeria bombings49 56 January 2012 January 2012 Nigeria attacks50 20 January 2012 January 2012 Kano bombings51 28 January 2012 Nigerian army says it killed 11 Boko Haram insurgents52 8 Februa ry 2012 Boko Haram claims responsibility for a suicide bombing at the army headquarters in Kaduna. 53 16 February 2012 Another prison break staged in central Nigeria 119 prisoners are released, one warder killed. 54 8 March 2012 During a British hostage rescue attempt to free Italian engineer Franco Lamolinara and Briton Christopher McManus, abducted in 2011 by a hightail it group Boko Haram, both hostages were killed. 55 The group conducted its operations more or less(prenominal) peacefully during the first seven years of its existence6 That changed in 2009 when the Nigerian government launched an investigation into the groups activities following reports that its members were arming themselves. 56 Prior to that the government reportedly repeatedly ignored warnings about the increasingly militant character of the organisation, including that of a military mail servicer. 56 When the government came into action, several members of the group were arrested in Bauchi, sparking deadly clashes with Nigerian security forces which led to the deaths of an estimated 700 people. During the fighting with the security forces Boko Haram fighters reportedly used fuel-laden motorcycles and bows with poison arrows to attack a police station. 57 The groups founder and then leader Mohammed Yusuf was killed during this time while in police custody. 585960 After Yusufs killing, a new leader emerged whose identity element was not known at the time. 61 Reemergence After the killing of M. Yusuf, the group carried out its first terrorist attack in Borno in January 2010. It resulted in the killing of foursome people. 62 Since then, the violence has only escalated in terms of both frequency and intensity. In January 2012, Abubakar Shekau, a former deputy to Yusuf, appeared in a video post on YouTube. According to Reuters, Shekau took control of the group after Yusufs death in 2009. 1 Authorities had previously believed that Shekau died during the violence in 2009. 63 By early 2012, the group was responsible for over 900 deaths. 64 Assessment Boko Haram is considered a major potential terrorist curse affecting Nigeria and other countries, and U. S. officials believe it is potentially allied with Al Qaeda. U. S. Africa argument (AFRICOM) Commander General Carter F. Ham stated in September 2011 that 3 African terrorist groups Shabab of Somalia, Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb across the Sahel region, and Boko Haram have very explicitly and publicly voiced an intent to target Westerners, and the U.S. specifically and that he was concerned with the voiced intent of the three organizations to more well collaborate and synchronize their efforts. 65 General Ham reiterated his concern after the Christmas solar day 2011 bombings of churches in Nigeria I remain greatly concerned about their stated intent to connect with Al Qaeda senior leadership, most potential through Al Qaeda in the lands of the Islamic Maghreb. 65 The US stick out of Representatives Subcommi ttee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence urged the Obama Administration and U.S. intelligence community in November 2011 to focussing on Boko Haram as a potential threat to United States territory. 66 Nigerias home(a) Security Adviser, General Owoye Andrew Azazi, has been working with other African governments, European and mediate Eastern governments, and the U. S. government to build cooperation against Boko Haram. He met in 2010 with then-CIA Director Leon Panetta, and in 2011 with AFRICOM Commander General Ham, and other U. S. fficials, and was in the United States when the congressional impanel was preparing its report on Boko Haram. He participated in a CIA conference at about the same time. 67 After the Christmas 2011 bombings carried out by Boko Haram, President Barack Obamas office issued a statement that confirmed that the U. S. and Nigeria were cooperating at a senior direct against the terrorist group. 68 Funding A spokesman of Boko Haram claimed that Kano state go vernor Ibrahim Shekarau and Bauchi state governor Isa Yuguda has give them monthly. 6970

Macroecenomics

Everyones Biggest Nightm atomic number 18 Ask anyone the biggest nightm are out there is unemployment. Its something that no one ever wants to face in their lifetime. It set up not only their sleep and dreams, plainly their reality as substantially, which ties it worse than some other nightmares. It effects how you live, how you eat, how you are able to present yourself-importance to others, and so much more. You need money to function in this modern twenty-four hour period world and you need a commerce in magnitude to hold out that money. Unemployment also alters the providence. With more people unemployed, less money is filtered through to the governance because people are trying to save their money and buy less.Being unemployed changes everything. Unemployment occurs when an individual is without a job, or trim out, or is not actively pursuance a job, according to Wikipedias article broaching the subject. No real antecedent has been created to cure, or stop unemplo yment because the causes of unemployment stem out from so many polar problems, twain personal and economical. An example of a personal affair dealings with unemployment would be that while an employer cannot just simply fire you, in well-nigh cases, they can begin to make the workplace uncomfortable so you put across or wish to leave.An economical example would be equal during time of recession, where unemployment regularizes are incredibly low, employers do not have a bun in the oven the way of supporting a certain derive of employees and are forced to allow some of them go. in that location are also several different types of unemployment, the twain main variances being structural and frictional. Structural Unemployment is based upon structural problems concerning the delivery and different variations of supply and demand. man no real causes have been solidified, arguments consign disruptive technology and globalization.Frictional Unemployment focuses on volunta ry decisions by an individual to work. founding wages and wage says are often the largest factor that effects the decision to take a job or not to. and nowadays, structural unemployment is the most common form of unemployment in the U. S. In January, the unemployment rate increased to 7. 9%. The unemployment rate is calculated by taking the number of the unemployed and dividing it by the labor force. Then you times it by a hundred and you get the percentage of unemployment, or the unemployment rate. President Obamas expensive input plan was supposed to bring that number down to 5. % by now, but it hasnt. The economic state isnt improving and, in the article U. S. Unemployment Our capacious scotch Nightmare Continues, it is stated that the economic growth isnt growing at all. There is something seriously wrong with our economy today, but economists cant understand what it is or how to piss it. No one person can directly effect the economy so little changes must be made in orde r for the economy to get better at all. Like stated in the book, losing a job can be the most distressing economic event in a persons life.People rely on earnings from work to maintain their standard of living. Losing a job can create problems concerning both the present and the future. It lowers your standard of living and you struggle to make ends meet. It creates anxiety most the future, about how things get out pan out, and about how it will effect the other members of your immediate family. Losing a job can even lower your self esteem. Bringing in money and contributing to the pay of important necessities, like bills or food items or clothing, can bring about a sense of personal accomplishment to an individual.The normal rate of unemployment in which the rate is able to fluctuate is called the subjective rate of unemployment, while the deviation of unemployment from its natural rate is called cyclical unemployment. The normal rate of unemployment and cyclical unemployment ef fect the place of unemployment each year. No matter what we do, there is always some version or form of unemployment, even if the economy is doing unfeignedly, really well. There are four different reasons for this. First off, it takes time for unemployed individuals to search for take chances jobs that are suited towards their ideal way of living and to their standard agent of living.Another reason there is always unemployment fluctuating within an economy is that the number of jobs available whitethorn be insufficient to give a job to everyone, everyone who wants a job, that is. When the quantity of work exceeds the amount demanded, this particular example occurs. The leash reason is the availability of jobs and the best way to search for them. Although we have been en due(p) with the Internet, we still struggle to to find jobs. The last problem is Unemployment Insurance. While they may not necessarily mean to, the program increases the amount of frictional unemployment. My pappa lost his job last summer.Hed been working for the company for years, but due to the economy, his position wasnt viewed as a necessity and they ended up permit him go. It was horrible because we went from living well below our means to living well above. Our only income was a teachers salary, which isnt much for a family of five. The first week of unemployment was fatigued in shock. My dad, mom, and I sat at the kitchen table and discussed possible outcomes and solutions to our newest problem. While my dad searched for jobs at home on the computer, I did house work and yard work for our neighbors to help bring in some gracious of income.It was so stressful. We couldnt just go out to eat anymore, we had to actually wee because it was cheaper. Books, movies, things that we could just run out and get when we were bored couldnt happen anymore. ahead we did anything, took any kind of trip, we had to plan out exactly how much everything would cost. It really changed me and the perspective I had on life. In a few years, I will be moving out on my own and it will be up to me to make sure I have full money to live comfortably. Like when my dad was unemployed, I will have to watch every penny like a hawk and make sure my money is well spent.Its challenging and something everyone will witness at some point in their lifetime, whether it effects them directly or they are watching from the sidelines. It really is Americas most common and largest nightmare. Works Cited Unemployment. Wikipedia. N. p. , 01 Feb 2013. Web. 6 Feb 2013. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Unemployment. Woodhill, Louis. U. S. Unemployment Our Long Economic Nightmare Continues. Forbes. N. p. , 05 Feb 2013. Web. 6 Feb 2013. http//www. forbes. com/sites/louiswoodhill/2013/02/05/u-s-unemployment-our-long-economic-nightmare-continues/.

Wal-Mart Strategic Audit

fling products at everyday low prices is unmatched of Wal-M artworks m whatever strategies. The go with value kitchen stove attend tos identify activities associated with how Wal-Mart obtains their many strategies. First, Wal-Marts supply chain management is extremely cost nubive. For example, Wal-Mart has been known to imitate competitions successful merchandising concepts. Another cost-effective method in Wal-Marts supply chain management is their ability to track the movement of products by the entire value chain.Whether the product is in shipment, in distri notwithstandingion piazza inventory, in-store inventory or on the shelf, or at the cash register, Wal-Mart bed track it in real time. Their capability in streamlining supplies among stores and suppliers has helped them bear trance inventory and track what sells and what doesnt. Operations and distri entirelyion strategies have also helped Wal-Mart achieve low prices. Wal-Marts strategy has been to plot stores outsid e of large cities and inwardly 200 miles of existing stores. Clustering stores together in small atomic number 18as, Wal-Mart relies on word-of-mouth advert to win everyplace consumers in larger cities.Because stores atomic number 18 close together, distribution costs are below average. Furthermore, Wal-Mart seeks to meet antithetic customers needs with four distinct retail elections these involve discount stores, supercenters, surface-to-air missiles Clubs, and neighborhood markets. Each store concept has a specialized range of store size, total employment, and estimated sales. One of Wal-Marts foremost strategies is to tin superior service to customers. Every store has a greeter tightfitting the entrance to welcome customers, offer them a shopping cart, and direct them toward where their items are located.Rule number eight in Sam Waltons 10 Rules for Building a Business is to Exceed our customers expectations. If you do, theyll come back over and over. Alternative St rategies Wal-mart Stores Inc. is known to most as the low price draw but Wal-mart also has a controversial image. Being a multibillion vaulting horse task does not excuse one from problems. Over the years Wal-Mart has been one of the most scrutinized businesses in America. Wal-Mart has had to deal with employee disputes over health benefits, wages, hours, and labor.They have go about opposition from the communities, banks, elected leaders, and unions in many of the small towns they have expand to. Many argue that Wal-Mart stores coffin nail have a negative effect on the fellowship, because Wal-Mart has driven out other topical anaesthetic competition by driving the prices down. Some have flush gone to great lengths to get out Wal-mart stores from entering their cities. Wal-Marts goal is to treat their customers like family while providing them with graphic symbol goods at lower prices but Wal-Marts image is deflating. Why? What can be done?The challenge cladding Wal-Mart, especially in this essay time of economic hardship, is to boost its perceived value to the customer by improving the quality of their goods while keeping themselves differentiated from their competitors. there are several options that Wal-Mart can utilize in order to flip-flop their image. thither are three significantly different options to follow that Wal-Mart should analyze and rail action. One option is Wal-mart needs to target the high margin, discretionary sales. polar products need to be the center of the market efforts, for example more dapper merchandise.To entice the style conscious advertising should also be shifted to towards the higher margin sales. The second option is unionization. By unionizing a company much(prenominal) as Wal-Mart, the costs would be immense in initial incite up while they whitethorn balance out future legal costs. If Wal-Mart allowed for unionization, their perceived image impart change dramatically. A third option is creating a str ategicalal alliance or a joint surmise with topical anesthetic farmers. By creating a new image through marketing or through unionization we now can acquire a new enticing atmosphere drawing in a divers(prenominal) consumer. strategic Evaluation of AlternativesHigher Margin Target Market Wal-Mart has perpetually had a smaller margin 30%, compared with Target at 45%, on discretionary items, like furniture, electronics, sporting goods, entertainment and apparel. Wal-Mart can take out the style conscious consumer a few different flairs. One way is by offering high-quality clothing items. This can be done by scouting out up and coming high-end designers at fashion/art schools and working with them to design clothing lines that would appeal to not only the Wal-Mart shoppers but also the urban market consumers to bring in more upmarket customers and wider profit margins.Styles and variations can be done by target marketing, by age, income, lifestyles. Then pricing structures and m arketing methods can be set up for each dominant market. The pros for this strategy are simple, profit and a salmagundi among the consumers attracting a different kind of customer. By attracting this target market you generate the door to more crowded stores, possible price increases, and thereby you may find the original Wal-mart consumer shopping elsewhere. Unionization By using a functional strategy to put through unionization, Wal-Marts perceived image would change dramatically.They would be viewed publicly as a caring employer that wants to offer the outstrip benefits to its associates, attracting let out workers thus creating better customer service and longevity of their associates. due to the negative publicity that Wal-Mart has encounter about its workers pay and benefits, this would be seen as a arrogant action. Wal-Mart has had to work hard to clear their name from stinking press relating from their business practices, from low pay and stingy health benefits, to li gation issues.Wal-Mart is a multi-billion dollar company where their top exe ariseives are some of the richest in the country, however, their employees are barely making minimum wage at the highest, and are facing the harsh reality of being unable to support their families. As a multi-billion dollar company, providing benefits would be a great opportunity for Wal-Mart to help employees and the prudence but it will also help revive the companys current image into something much more positive. A union would help establish and maintain the program plus it would also create group unity which in turn would create a more positive work environment.Not only would it bring more customers to the store, it will cut down on its lawsuits. The introduction of a union may even cut costs because the company would then be held to more unrelenting guidelines, resulting in less legal issues. However, the cost of implementing a union would be great. Employees may also be leery of paying union dues. Strategic Alliance or Joint Venture with topical anesthetic anaesthetic farmers Wal-Mart could expand its business to include partnerships with local anaesthetic farmers utilizing a cooperative strategy, by creating a strategic alliance or a joint venture with local farmers.These local farmers will benefit from the large scale business that Wal-Mart would offer. Wal-Mart by purchase locally are reducing their environmental stamp, giving back to the community and enabling their consumers to purchase fresh produce thus creating an image of portion communities. The local farmers could grow produce, including original, that could be stocked in local locations, advertising this within store with locally grown signs above each product, depicting the location and photo of the farm/farmer would make consumers aware that buy these products will benefit their local community.Moving into organic fares will create new challenges for Wal-Marts well-known supply-chain schema. The wholes ale organic foods market is made up of many small suppliers selling perishable goods that require complicated handling. Recommended schema Strategic Alliance or Joint Venture with local farmers Wal-mart has managed to climb a brand name synonymous with low cost products but not necessarily quality products. This image has attracted a core lower-income consumer which organic products may not appeal to.However, Organic products represent a new, ontogeny category of demand for all retailers. Many consumers today are actively buying American made and grown products with an increase of interest in organic products. Wal-mart has the opportunity now to diversify its target market to include the heath conscious consumer. Having a Joint venture or strategic alliance with local farmers will create an image of helping local communities, increase sales, reduce costs, and create a loyal customer stupid by using the local farmers Implementation A. Wal-Mart can increase cabbage by using loca l markets. Buying locally from the farmers will reduce transportation cost and increase product freshness. B. Wal-Mart will lead the food markets by using local farmers exclusively. C. Research and Development will be implemented at the local store manager level. The supply and expect demand will also be determined at the local level. Strategic Manager Julie Communication Online Meetings Accountability Update, determine needs for local markets Frequency Quarterly Evaluation and Control.Wal-Marts evaluation and control of the carrying into action of a strategic alliance or joint venture with local farmers change starts with setting performance standards. Wal-Mart will set performance standards that will allow guidelines to be set that will define the differences between genuine and desired results. These standards will help to ensure that Wal-Mart is able to catch any issues related to the implementation and implement new procedures if needed. Wal-Mart can begin by analyzing the o verall market they would operate in using a benchmarking cover.The benchmarking process would enable Wal-Mart to better understand the services, products and competitors that it would be going up against in this market segment. By utilizing this process Wal-Mart will have a better understanding of their competitors, the process they use and possibly the ability to do it better. at one time Wal-Mart has analyzed its competitors, the monitoring of the implementation begins. In the evaluation and control process Wal-Mart needs to begin to set up a control system that would enable Wal-Mart to monitor departments within each store.These systems would then enable them to maintain quality standards, monitor pricing, follow current trends and have the ability to implement any necessary changes to the system within each store immediately. There should be multiple control systems to ensure that management is able to run feedback within each corporate level, enabling them to be able to nai l down any issues prior to the completion of the implementation. Wal-Mart is known for everyday low prices and maintaining their environ as the low cost leader is important during this process.

Illegality and Various Consequences Essay

ILLEGALITY A contact to be legally binding it should be legal. The learns which ar against the righteousness or the commonplace policy atomic number 18 consider as nonlegal pushs. Courts do non enforce illegal chooses and treated as idle words bless(prenominal)s. There are four major criteria to decide the illegality of a push. Contracts declared illegal by statute legal philosophy. Statute law consists of both statutes and ordinance which had been legislated by the parliament of the soil. Every contact should adhere to the statutes prepared by the parliament.If an element of a contract exceeded each statue that contract becomes illegal. A contract does non impoverishment to be a criminal offence in order to be decided as an illegal contract. For an example if there is a borderline price placed for a certain product by a statute such(prenominal)(prenominal) as consumer protection act and when a contract that goes beyond the price element fixed by the statute, then it becomes illegal thus court can void such a contract. Contracts that go against common law. In Sri Lanka, the Roman-Dutch law is considered as the common law.It is important to somebodyal credit line that Roman-Dutch law except acts as a residuary law which confine only five present of the contract law. In respect of the trio civil spousal relationship laws, that is andyan marriage law Muslim marriage law and thesawalame law the Roman-Dutch law acts as a residuary law. That means regarding a particular issue, if three local laws are silent, Roman-Dutch law comes to enact as a residuary law. And some of the property always belongs to the government. Which means no can yell, own or destroy? Some recourse, for an example costs, afforest and rivers always remain with state.Therefore if two parties get together and carried out(p) a contract to cut-down trees in a forest, it becomes illegal since such a contract goes beyond the common law. Contracts void for being against the f amiliar policy. quondam(prenominal) there may be situations where contracts may non break whatsoever laws but still they may become declared illegal out-of-pocket to the fact that such contracts violate the acceptable public policy. Therefore courts do not permit to form contracts which go against the public policy. just the endpoint public policy is merely a legal term and does not indicate that it is related to existing government policies.In addition courts vex prepared a list of contracts which are deemed to be opposed to public policy a) pledge for stifling precision and for outing Jury choice of quarrel of courts are unlawful not enforceable. ) Agreement in fraud of insolvency law is illegal. d) Agreement for using improper influence of any kind with arbitrator or officer of justice is void. e) Agreement in restraint of the marriage of any person other then a minor is void. f) Agreement to procure marriage for reward is void. g) Agreement to pay money to enhance or guardian in consideration of giving his daughter in marriage I void.Similarly, a promise by the brides advance to pay money to the bridegroom or his parent I illegal. h) tr fruit drink by ay of ale in public office and Appointment or appellation for monetary consideration I illegal. ) Agreement tending to create monopoly are void. j) Agreements in restraint of trade are void, partial restraint I allowed in sale of Good allow. k) Contract unduly retrain individual self-sufficiency are enforceable. http// www. reportbd. com/articles/42/1 Noid-Contract/Page1 . html Contracts that go against the morality.Morality is the timbre of being in accord with standards of right or good head or a system of ideas that fall into those same categories. http// www. allaboutphilosophy. org/definition-of-morality-faq. htm . Morality is depending on the culture, religion and other traditions in a country. It can be varies from country to country due to this think. Morality is much broader than the statutory law. And when a contract is made it should adhere within the accepted morality and should not go against it. Courts can void such contracts that go against the morality.For an example when there is a relationship between an unmarried woman and a married person and if the particular woman decided to break their relationship, that particular person cannot pay back any legal actions against that woman ever since the promise of marriage contract between them is against the orality and thereby courts may declare it as an illegal contract which is voidable. Consequences of illegality. Enturpi Cauza If one is engaged in illegal activity, one cannot sue another(prenominal) for damages that arose out of that illegal activity. http//www. duhaime. org/LegalDictionary/E/ Exturpicausanonorituractio. spx . In other words this means that if the contract is illegal such contracts are considered as void thus no legal consequences arise on a lower floor this. This is because of the fa ct that courts do not enforce illegal contracts and even cannot be accepted for sense of hearing at the court. Inpari Delicto Legal principle that if two parties in a hostility are every bit at fault then the party in possession of the contested property gets to retain it (courts will not step in with breach of a contract, or which fails to take appropriate action (or takes distant action) to limit or recoup a loss, may not claim damages. http// www. businessdictionary. com/definition/in-pari-delicto- doctrine. htmlixzzOyxs2Napo. Courts may accept some illegal slip-ups under this rule. If the plaintiff is equally guilty as the defendant, the courts may hear the case and may provide remedies to the defendant. This is due to the fact that Inpari Delicto eemed that if the both parties are equally responsible for the illegality, then the defendant is in a stronger position whereas courts do not support the plaintiff to recover anything from the defendant.However there are some exce ptions to the Inpari Delicto rule where the court may favors the plaintiff 01). Where the guilt of the parties is not equal. When there is a possibility to prove that the guilt of the plaintiff is less than the guilt of the defendant, courts some epoch may provide the remedies for the plaintiff. This could be happen if the plaintiff is able to prove that there is a mistake in the facts ade by the defendant at the time of making the contract. In such a scenario court may order the plaintiff to recover any money paid or should receive despite the fact that contract is illegal in nature. 2). Where the illegal activity substantially un fulfilled. This occurs when the illegal heading of the contract is not carried out because one of the parties to the contract repents in time and prevents the illegal act to be executed any further. In such a case, the party who stopped the act to be carried out will be able to recover anything which he has paid to the other party. However this could be chievable only if it takes place when it would still have been possible to perform the contract.If the illegal purpose could not be realize for some reason that is out side the control of the plaintiff, he will not be able to recover the payment from the other party. 03). Unjust enrichment. The law only permits the persons to be rich in Just and acceptable ways. Law does not endure unjust enrichments. Therefore if the plaintiff is able to prove that the defendant has become rich in unjust ways due to the exile of this contract, court may order the defendant to return the property that has acquired.

Bullying Essay

fit to cyber boss around. org, cyber bullying can be defined as the harassment, humiliation, torment, embarrassment a child, preteen, or teen faces from another child, preteen, or teen. The culprit uses the Internet, interchangeable technologies, or even their cellular phones to carry out the illicit act. Those who atomic number 18 faced with such an issue should reach out and soak up their voices heard. Bullying by any means, is undoubtedly wrong and painful for those who are victimized by it the effects cyber bullying can set out on a child or teen can be dead dangerous or in some extreme cases, deadly.Quite recently, in the news, was a story about Rutgers University student, Tyler Clementi, committing self-destruction allegedly due to 2 students streaming a video of him and another male being intimate. The twain students who live streamed and recorded Clementi were charged with two counts each of invasion of privacy. It is inform that 9 out of 10 gay children are harasse d or bullied and are four times more likely to commit suicide than heterosexual children. In my high school, a dear adept of exploit felled prey to cyber bullying.A group of classmates discovered a video online of a girl, who looked somewhat similar to my friend, in a sexual act. These classmates then went near the entire school, showed everyone the video, and attempted to convince students that the girl recorded was in accompaniment my friend. However, the girl in the video and my friend had significant differences about them that make it clear to me that these bullies were simply targeting her based on their personal vendetta against her.As a result, unfortunately, my friend started missing many school days and ulterior I discovered she was cutting not only her arms merely her legs as well. Any type of bullying can lead to ablaze distress, lack of self confidence, and thoughts of suicide these effects could last a lifetime. According to bullyingstatistics. org and statistic s from the I-safefoundation, over half of adolescents and teens have been bullied online, and about the same number have engaged in cyber bullying.Countless amount of teens are unaware of the point that the many things they post online, whether it be good or bad, can lastly come back and haunt them in the future, especially when applying for a clientele or college. What can truly be done about cyber bullying? Sadly, most incidents of cyber bullying go unreported possibly because a gigantic number of people dont find the issue that tolerant of a deal. In my opinion, cyber bullying can be averted by educating students on the matter, not only in schools but at home as well. Schools should set up programs and seminars educating students about bullying and its effects.The College of Mount Saint Vincent has taken the initiative of creating the counseling center where students can walk in and talk about any issues that their having with counselors who are more than willing to listen and offer their support. Parents should supervise their children and their actions. They should be conscious of who their children are talking to and who their friends are. For many like my friend and Tyler Clementi, cyber bullying has already taken a dramatic toll on their lives, but if more students come forth and speak on their experiences on the issue it is without a question that this horrific trend canend.