FINAL PROJECT Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

final exam PROJECT - Term Paper ExampleHe goes to the court three to four days a week. Now seven years have passed since the start of practice. The interviewee has only one partner in his firm, and he himself fundamentally assumes the responsibility of the firms management. He chose this occupation because the sour in it is enough to control an uninterrupted income. The following text discusses the crux of my discussion with the interviewee. I asked him nigh 19 questions. What he verbalize in reply to those questions is mentioned in the text below To possess the basic skills as an associate in a firm, one needs to have basic understanding of legal precedents, the ability to manage a heavy caseload, and the ability to behave professionally in court.The firm assigns responsibilities to the personnel according to the volume of work and the individualistic capabilities of individuals. Time management is compulsory for success of an insurance litigation lawyer. The interviewee said th at he has unquestionable interest in his field over the course of time. He was not very optimistic about it in the start, through with time, the routinely issues grabbed his attention. The interviewee said that in order to maintain a good business organisation in this field, the employees must have good rapport with the customers.

THE CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN GERD AND CHRONIC COUGH Essay

THE causative LINK BETWEEN GERD AND CHRONIC COUGH - Essay ExampleFortunately, the many studies and publications on the relationship amidst GERD and chronic spit up have helped pediatrics to treat and mange GERD-related chronic cough better. However, there are inactive debates on the causal links surrounded by GERD and chronic cough, prompting the writing of this state of the science paper, which seeks to look the already researched and published findings on the subject. Objectives To assess the GERD treatment on chronic cough in adults and children with elongated cough and GERD that is not interrelated to an underlying respiratory illness (for example, nonspecific chronic cough). Literatures and study findings reviews leave behind highlight the causal link between these conditions so that the management and treatment of infants, children, and adolescents with GERD and GERD-related chronic cough could be made more accessible and effective. In this state of the science paper, d ifferent types of literatures will be reviewed, among them books, magazines, electronic and print articles from public and institutional libraries. The paper will focus on the various issues on the topic on which medical experts agree and disagree, mentioning any gaps therein. Specifically, the causal link between GERD and chronic cough in pediatric patients will be explored. ... State of Science Paper Topical Outline I. Introduction gastroesophageal ebbing disease (GERD) and chronic cough are examples of the many diseases that pediatricians encounter in their professional fundamental interaction with infants and children. GERD is a condition characterized by food (solid or liquid) already in the stomach being impel back into the esophagus, causing irritation and the commonest and most obvious symptom of GERD, heartburn (Benich & Carek, 2011). Statistics show complications that result from GERD entangle asthma, Barretts esophagus, and chronic cough or hoarseness. Research suppor ts that chronic cough, though an indication of underlying disease is a major cause of health facility visits among infants and children. Among the causes of cough are sinus infections, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and esophageal ebbing of stomach contents. Even with a recommendation and research support, the ever-changing definition of GERD, insufficient equipment, and lack of randomise controlled trials also make it rather difficult to progress the causal links between chronic cough and GERD (Fishwick & Barber, 2008). Consequent to these difficulties in ascertaining the causal and effect links between cough and GERD, opinions greatly vary between respiratory and gastroenterology stakeholders on the link between these conditions. Background Information This will be used to establish the context and depth of the problem and will provide a foundation to explore a descend of chronic cough prevention and management guidelines that have been designed with some having more positive eff ectuate on patients. Information will include the following 1. Statistics of chronic cough in patients with gastroesophageal reflux 2. Supportive research and

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Political cognition - Essay ExampleThis is an issue that scholars and academics redeem spent a great deal of time considering since the completion of the Second World War. In 1945, the United States dropped two nuclear weapons on Japan, ending the war. To many, this suggests that nuclear weapons notify be exercised to make peace and end war. Indeed, in the last seventy years no one else has used a nuclear weapon. Perhaps it makes sense to give these weapons to entirely countries, so that no one will wish to use them. However, as one scholar puts itGiven that nuclear weapons have not been used in war since 1945, that modern biological weapons have arguably never been utilize in warfare, and that the risk of chemical weapons is often considered exaggerated, one faculty think preventing the proliferation of WMDs is not a critical policy issue. However, the proliferation of new weapons systems can have a profound impact on international government activity even at levels short of war. The impact on the coercive power of states and the potential for actual use make nuclear weapons potentially destabilizing in the international security environment. (Horowitz, 2).It is a bit nave to recollect that nuclear weapons cause peace. They are indeed a source of instability whether they are possessed by many or possessed by only a few. The main problem is that not all states are rational. Some behave in ways that are difficult to calculate. Indeed, some leaders throw from mental illness. In fascist or dictatorial states, the leader of a power is unquestioned. Some states might want to commit national suicide by nuking another state that has nuclear weapons.Scholars and political scientists excessively often believe that everything in politics is a science and that the rational prevail. This is not what history teaches us. fib shows that powerful weapons will be used in unpredictable ways. The

The mitigation analysis of unusable motor vehicles in Saudi Arabia Assignment

The mitigation analysis of unusable motor vehicles in Saudi Arabia - Assignment ExampleThe cars, like any other machine, grow old and require repair, livelihood and eventually replacement. The well off urban population has been noned to more of ex than not opt for replacement of their aging cars, rather than have them repaired to elongate their working life. Like any other waste, the thusly retired cars pose a problem of disposal to their owners and some of them will both choose to abandon them either where they breakdown, at a mechanics compound, by the roadside or at the public parking places. though legitimate methods of disposal exist like selling the vehicle to scrap dealers in places like Bariman, near of the people opt for the illegal yet easy mode of disposal. What the faithfulness says. The ministry of the interior defines an discard keeping as any motor vehicle, outboard motor, vessel, ATV or trailer that is ignored which is operational or not and which is subjec t to removal or is changed from private or public shoes (PME 2012). It also defines a towing company as an entity or person who toes, stores or removes property which has been abandoned. The abandonment offence as outlined by the presidency of the environment is the abandonment of a vehicle or any bulgely that was part of a vehicle on any open land or any land constituting part of a highway or waterway. The offence also includes anything that has been abandoned and which was brought on land purposefully for abandonment. The righteousness enforcement agencies will grant a towing company authorization to remove an abandoned property where Abandoned on the right of way of any highway or on a freeway where If in an urban area and the vehicle is left unattended for a maximum ten hours or four hours where the virtue enforcer feels that it poses a danger to other motorists or Away from an urban are if the vehicle abandoned for 24 hours or after 4 hours where it is perceived to pose a endanger to other motorists. If the unattended vehicle is on a bridge and obstructs the normal flow of traffic and no efforts from the owner to remove the property are evident. If the property had been reported as stolen or interpreted from the actual owner without their consent. Where the operator of such property has been arrested and taken to custody and has not been able to secure removal in time. Where the owner has parking/traffic violations which relate to any other local ordinance or municipal law and which are outstanding. Where the unattended property is violating any local ordinance or municipal law for which manifest signs have been posted to give notice. Where the property is on territorial waters, is obstructing movement and has been there for more than ten hours or is floating loose. Where the operator of the property successfully eludes arrest for an offense which would otherwise have seen them taken into custody. The law enforcement agencies are allowed to immed iately tow any vehicle or cargo that poses a hazard on any municipal highway, this includes the vehicle, the property therein, spilled cargo or personal property. For commercial haulers, if they are not transporting waste or cargo that is designated as hazardous, the enforcers have to grant the owner a reasonable aspect to contract a towing organisation of their own. If property is abandoned on a private property, the security/property manager or the propertys lessee can have it removed without consent. They only need to get through an enforcement agent in their jurisdiction who will

Information Management and Statistics, Component A - Case Study Essay

Information Management and Statistics, Component A - Case Study opinion - Essay ExampleThis paper discusses how trail bank manages their data so as not to attenuated their dear customers in the benignant resources department. It also deals with how the organizations gears towards tight security for their customers information from online data warfare which has been outgrowth each day. Further, it will review the ethical issues involved when there is data loss of any magnitude. In addition, this paper will evaluate the laws and the set regulations which are aimed at protecting organizations, and in particular banks, from this menace.electronic commerce depends entirely data and its security which emanates from how it is managed in the organization and the way customers perceive the organization as far as the issue of data security is concerned (Agnes, G.M 2004). Personal data held by chase bank is under threat from many unauthorized users and their numbers have been rising daily. Credit observance game data, identity card numbers, account number as well as social security card numbers are some of the forms data which is most targeted. In this regard, the human resources department has come up with some procedures to manage data and to provide the needed security.First, it is the obligation of the human resources department to ensure that but the well qualified are employed and allowed to see customers data. In chase bank, the human resources department uses databases in the management of data about there employees and about customers. The use of a database is an in effect(p) way of storing data about a certain aspect at once. Databases in the bank allows for second base changes in the data thus affecting the whole database and not just changing file by file. The database is administered by an expert who engineered it he has become part of the data management team. Further, through the IT department, the human resources

Executive summaries of The Accounting Wizardry Behind Banks Strong Essay

Executive summaries of The Accounting Wizardry behind Banks Strong Earnings - Essay ExampleThis followed after a further review of the latter. It was noticed that up to 31% of JPMs dinero of the financial year 2013 averaging $5.6 billion and 10% of WFCs gain gained the alike(p) year amounting to $2.2 billion were not realistically earned. That money accrued came from the two banks loan-loss reserves.Loan-loss reserves, as mentioned, are set aside by the banks lenders given a financial crises is prevalent or when the U.S. preservation is on the worst side. This goes hand in hand with the inflation projections on the economy with consumers experiencing hard time in financing their mortgages, credit card bills and other loans. Evidently, according to Josh Rosner, a Graham fisherman industry analyst based in New York, running out of reserves makes it in night club to cuts costs on loans. It is imperative to note that one of the effects of this is the depreciation in the growth in revenue.Bank of America (BOA), which is ranked fourth among the largest American banks, flaunts turning losses into profits as a result of offsetting the loan-loss reserves. Since 2010, BOA had accrued losses of up to $11.8 billion, but from embracing change, it has surpassed all the setbacks and seen profits up to $11.4 billion on the better side. Additionally, Citigroup (C), which reported enormous profits of $40.4 billion about the same time, would hurl gained half of what their income was disregarding the accounting benefits. Evidently, when BOA was relying on reserves, profits were not well off in comparison to when they would not have used the boost from the reserves. In 2009, BOA would have realized profits of up to $55 billion were it not for the $48.6 billion reserve money they owed. On the same breathe, profits from other banks, which relied on their reserves during inflation were affected accordingly.It was noted that despite bank earnings short(p) performance, investo rs notably still embraced

Financial Management of a Small Burger Restaurant Coursework

monetary Management of a Small Burger Restaurant - Coursework ExampleThey provide a rough idea of how the dividing line can be in future and can even identify argonas of concerns that can appear in future. Each head in the projected financial statement is based on certain assumptions roughly can easily be predicted while some are difficult to predict as they are outside businesss control for e.g. changes in taxes, an unpredictable event etc. (Lasher. 2000 Covello. 1998) In a small business like burger eating house operative in a college campus, since there are no proper planning departments and tools, the projection technique of financial management can be useful. A regular(prenominal) small burger restaurants sources of tax income can be sale of food and beverages. The main heads of be could be the material costs, packaging and transportation of food etc. In any other business, the restaurants dedicate operating expenses like rents, utilities, labor wages, cleaning expenses etc. Such businesses are not operative in a very dynamic environment nor are very large businesses which have many complexities and changes to arrive at account of. The estimated projected income statement for such a business for 3 years can be presented as below Pro-forma 3 years Projected Income Statement YEAR-1 YEAR-2 YEAR-3 SALES REVENUE (NET) ($) ($) ($) Food revenue 505,890 570,276 548,674 Beverage Revenue 151,110 153,884 233,682 Food Cost (143,719) (158,863) (168,542) Beverage Cost (47,906) (44,807) (42,136) TOTAL INCOME 465,375 520,490 571,678 OPERATING EXPENSES Advertising 1,200 2,400 3,000 derogation 36,000 28,800 23,040 Utilities and Phones 31,080 33,300 37,200 Wages 344,925 356,423 367,920 Officers Salary 42,000 43,680 45,420 Rent 7,500 7,500 7,500 TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES 462,705 472,103 484,080 OPERATING PROFIT 2,670 48,388 87,598 NET PROFIT 2,670 48,388 87,598 The analytic thinking of the projected income statement for three years is detailed below Revenue The busi ness deals and serves meals which include foods and beverages. The restaurant serves food items like burgers, apple pies, nachos and cheese and salads etc, while it mainly serves beverages and soft drinks with the meal. This makes two main products as the revenue generating which are food revenue and beverages revenue. Food & Beverages Revenue The food revenue constitutes around 65% to 75% of the total revenue. We analyzed that on an average a customer spends around $6 on an order. Since we have no study about the units of sales and what items of food are preferred and sold we shall make bold that out of the revenue received from each customer on an average, a portion of average exchange price of food items can be taken as revenue from the food. Similarly for the beverages no information regarding the number of units sold is given, therefore we shall take the revenue as a portion of average exchange price of beverages. The beverages ranges from a price range of $1.29 to $ 1.49 t his means that out of the total $6 spend on an order by a customer $1.29 to $1.49 will be spent on beverages, which makes around 25% to 35% of the average order that is $6. Rest 65% to 75% of the remaining revenue will be generated from food items. Based on this assumption in year 1, if there are 300 customers passing(a) and the business operated 365 days a year and an average customer spending is $6, the food revenue on an estimate can be around 77% which makes $505,890 and the remaining 23% can be

Diplomacy in politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Diplomacy in politics - Essay standardNo less a person than Mr Gladstone, it is recorded, was of the opinion that the University Common Room was as bad as the Bank of England Parlour in narrowing the point of view. It seemed to me, therefore, that I might best, perhaps, speak on a subject which throws most light on the complexity of human nature and which I perplex had some opportunity to observe at close quarters. I am sure you will acquit me of both undue estimate of the importance of the role which I myself played in a subordinate place during the two great wars, if I illustrate my theme occasionally from my own experience. For it is by action that a man is made most vividly aw ar of the limitations which human nature imposes on the conduct of policy. It is no accident that the two most scolding pens amongst British historians today are wielded by two who have had no practical experience of political or military affairs.The subject of diplomacy has of course been expounded by a long array of writers. They have, however, often considered it in the wider aspect of policy rather than in that of the manner by which policy is implemented. But today I intend to speak of the tactics of diplomacy, not of its strategy. in that location is, it is true, as in war, a vital connexion between the two. The most magnificent conceptions of policy are useless unless there is a means of putting them into effect. In the last war immense devotion, expertness and energy and a wealth of economic and statistical information and analysis were devoted to the elaboration of plans by which the war against Germany could be quickly won by a bombing offensive. Their only weakness was that it was unfeasible to carry them out. Similar situations often arise in the formation of foreign policy. For this reason even in this field a subordinate may be able at times to make a contribution to great events and no Foreign Minister has ever touched greatness unless he was

Knolege creatain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Knolege creatain - Essay Example. Balmisse et al (2007 118) take up this concept stating that knowledge counsel is a type of tool which , through social interaction and interface customization enables the sharing and transferring of necessary data.In 2010 Martin-Niemi and Greatbanks came up with produced an interesting discussion centering on ba which is said to be defined as place. This ba becomes the means of relationships being developed, and enabling workers to contribute their knowledge and so enhance their conjugation experiences and so create a communicative environment which all can participate and dowery.This figure to a higher place shows how knowledge is accumulated when individuals and groups share a common working environment. Such sharing is not ripe the field of a few elite experts, but must include participation by all. An fury is made in this type of knowledge creation upon both explicit as well as tacit knowledge as well as how these varying types could be sh ared. The former . explicit knowledge, is the easier to share beca habit of its basis in individual talents. The model referred to as SECI, refers to the various stages, i.e. socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization.This model can be apply to demonstrate how blogs can be utilised within my company. We became interested in blogs as a guidance of encouraging groups of employees to contribute the knowledge they had. After only a few months it was possible to see prescribed developments. However, it was clear that full participation by all employees was necessary in order to create the best amount of knowledge. At the present time usage remains limited, but the company is actively maturation a programme of incentives with the aim of encouraging employees to share their knowledge.There are a number of benefits to the use of blogs. As well as encouraging the

Comprehensively and systematically analyze how American foreign policy Essay

Comprehensively and systematically analyze how American orthogonal policy is made and implemented. Government American Foreign Policy - Essay ExampleA resume of the professorshipial candidates and Congressmen gives away an important truth, namely that the political leaders of the country emerge from an elite socio-economic background. As a result, their loyalties atomic number 18 firmly rooted to their friends in corporate America, thereby neglecting the general public. For example, antecedent President George W. Bush has close links to major oil companies in America. Vice President Dick Cheney was erst the CEO of Halliburtun Corporation. It is no surprise then that invading oil-rich Iraq was a key objective of their eight family reign. After the decision to invade Iraq was formally announced, the stock prices of oil and energy companies, including Halliburton shot up. The Bush presidency proceeded with the war despite vociferous public outcry against the invasion, both withi n and outside the United States. much(prenominal) trends are far from democratic ideals and goes on to reinforce the words of caution given by former President Dwight Eisenhower, who famously remarked in his farewell speech that much of the policy initiatives in America are made within the framework of the Military-Industrial complex. Consequently, the foreign policy initiatives serve the vested business interests rather than the general public. somewhat of the liberal intellectuals in the world have pointed to the United States high-handed foreign policy measures in the make it half century. These include Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, Robert Fisk, etc. They correctly point out that the United States governments tend to adopt recapitulate standards in several cases. For example, the US government did not intervene during the East Timor genocide because the perpetrators of the crime was Indonesia a strong strategic ally. The same is true with respect to Saudi Arabia. Despite the ava ilability of copious licence to prove the Kingdoms poor human rights standards, Washington continues to maintain cordial relations with

US army leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

US army leadership - Essay ExamplePerhaps, it is these values, principles, and system that make the soldier have the respect that is accorded him all over he goes. An army of principles move penetrate where an army of soldiers cannot. The implementation of the structures however depends largely on the functions of personnel department in the army. The military institution is made up several officers whose duties argon to ensure that there is ordering with within the roll of soldiers put under his control and that the structures and systems atomic number 18 well implemented. One of such natural figures in the implementation of military structures is the non-commissioned officer. The non-commissioned officer however does not work untamed for the non-commissioned officer to stick with in his role as a leader, he needs to be guided by underlying military principles. This is to say that the non-commissioned officer cannot rule within his own discretion but needs to be guided by principles such as the application of the FM 6-22, counseling and the seven Army Values. Roles of Non-Commissioned Officers Who is a non-commissioned officer? A non-commissioned officer is a military officer who is given authority through a commissioned officer, but he or she is not technically considered to be in command. Non-commissioned officers rise up through the enlisted ranks, generally with several years of experience to their names before they reach positions of nominal power.The rank an officer has to reach to be accorded the position of a non-commissioned officer varies from country to country and from military fight to military force. Also among the ranks, there divisions such as Junior NCOs and Senior NCOs depending on which nation is in question and which military force, be it the Navy, Army or Air Force. In the United States for instance, all ranks of serjeant in the United States Army, United States Air Force and United States Marine Corps be termed Non-Commission ed Officers (NCOs) as are Corporals in the Army and Marine Corps. However, the rank of Corporal (E-4) in the US Army is cognize to be a junior NCOs whereas Corporals in the grades (E-7, E-8, and E-9) are referred to as senior noncommissioned officers. The non-commissioned officer can however be generalized to be an enlisted member of the armed forces, such as a corporal, sergeant, or petty officer, appointed to a rank conferring leadership over other enlisted personnel (The Free Dictionary, 2003). What are the roles of the non-commissioned officer in the army? The role a non-commissioned officer is supposed to play simply refers to the leadership functions of the officer that is focused on maintaining army values. NCOs must maintain fundamental soldiering at the header of everything we do. And that means we must focus on the basics, maintain Army values and facilitate the transformation (Anthony, 2001). eventide though all roles performed by non-commissioned officers are geared t owards enhancing administration in the army force, there are varying roles and these roles cut across different areas of operation defining who may be under the orders or authority of the non-commissioned officer and who may not. In a generalized system however, the role of a incident NCO depends on his rank. The FM 7-22.7 makes a list of five (5) major categories of non-commissioned officers and what their roles are. These categories are classified according to ranks of officers and they are serjeant-at-law Major of the Army, Command Sergeant Major and Sergeant Major, First Sergeant and Master Sergeant, Platoon Sergeant and Sergeant First Class, and Squad, Section and Team Leaders. The Sergeant Major o

Recommendation from IT department to CEO about SARS Virus-2013 Essay

Recommendation from IT surgical incision to CEO about SARS Virus-2013 - Essay Exampleymptoms Provided that SARS outbreak is confirmed, it is possible, regardless of whether a depicted object is identified or non for the IT department to research from various medical examination databases the symptoms of SARS virus. This approach would examine the company can conduct a diagnosis process to isolate the health stakeholders from the infected and to bind farther spreading of the virus (Berkman, 2007).b. Research on virus management Since the virus is reported to obtain been detected, the IT department is responsible for researching virus management strategies to aid in the containment of the virus from spreading to healthy individuals (Berkman, 2007).c. insulate procedures and specifications The IT department can play the role of researching and developing models of quarantine units within the organization to aid in isolating infected cases from uninfected ones. In addition, this p rocess would ensure that no infected cases leave the exposit without professional examination (Berkman, 2007).d. Developmental analysis for virus scan The IT department in collaboration with medical professionals can research, design, and develop a program for scanning stakeholders of the virus to ensure new cases are not introduced into the premises and current sufferers do not elude quarantine (Berkman, 2007).Berkman, BE. (2007). Ethical and Legal Considerations in Mitigating pandemic Disease Strategies for Disease Containment. Accessed online on February 17, 2015 from

Week 2 #2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 2 2 - Coursework frameworkSecondly, the internal pay law creates a good sensible business thus improving the souseds retention of its top performers and maximize its chances of hiring a top talent in the industry. Therefore, failure to discern the internal pay equity can result in losing employees to other companies and creates disloyalty among the employees (Kramar & Syed, 2012).The external pay equity management is also important for companys success. Employers are expected to manage carefully determine the appropriate markets. Therefore, the management of the appropriate markets helps in having accurate external wage comparison. Thus, this reduces unnecessary payments in several(prenominal) areas (Kramar & Syed, 2012). For instance, a narrow determination of a market can lead to wage that higher that is expected.Therefore, employee injustice and equity perception are equally significant, and companies should consider as it sets its compensation objectives (Perkins & Pe rkins, 2011). Employees perceiving equitable pay manipulation can be more motivated in supporting the company goals of performing better. In conclusion, close to compensation, fairness is reached when pay is equal to work performed

Whats the best advice youve ever received or given Essay

Whats the best advice youve ever received or given - Essay showcaseThen, all of a sudden, my world came crashing down. I received the very sad news that my granddaddy had cancer. It was the face of cancer that could not be treatedhe was given no more than six months to live. I was heartbroken because I had always looked up to my grandfather as someone who was invincible. It was like finding break Santa Claus did not exist, except only worse.As a result of his cancer, my grandfather could no longer go out as often as he would like. He spent most of his time intimate the house where it was warm. I continued to go to see my grandparents as much as I could. It trouble me to see my grandfather in such an appalling state. My grandfather noticed how I felt to the highest degree his condition and he decided to do some liaison about it. He suddenly announced that he would suck me away on a week-long trip into the countryside in order to give me advice on how to live my life. I was ecs tatic at hearing this news however, a small part of me wondered if this was necessarily the best thing for him in his current condition. Nevertheless, plans were made and permission was obtained from my parents before we set out on our journey.Once we arrived at our destination, we decided to take a short nap because of how tired we were. Once we were refreshed, my grandfather suggested that we go on a trek into the wilderness. Although I had reservations about this idea, I agreed to go if as long as we turned back in case my grandfather got into trouble. Only a short way into the woods, my grandfather said that he would like to talk with me about his life and how I could avoid the same mistakes that he made. I was shocked to discover that my grandfather had slid down a rocky slope when he was in his teens. His advice to me was that I always thought about an action before I actually did it. However, this was not the part of advice that stuck in my mind the most it was that I need t o be bold when going through

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

International Business - Essay ExampleThey argon different listings however, they argon one commerce unit and managed by the same people. A few of the major(ip) brands step up of its portfolio of more than 400 brands argon Dove Ben & Jerrys Knorr Lipton Lux Surf Tresseme Toni & Guy Sunsilk Flora (Unilever, n.d.) Unilever is present in more than ampere-second countries of the world with different brands and has great global presence. They focus on local knowledge and cater to the consumers need in every mart and that is why consumers worldwide prefer their products. They help consumers get the intimately out of life and out of their products and thus they translate the vitality of life through their products. Unilevers major competitors are P&G and Nestle. These are its direct competitors all over the world however they feel competition from local competitors in places as well such as Henkel, Johnson and Johnson, Reckitt Benckiser, PepsiCo etc. (Smith, 1995) Unilever in India H industan Unilever moderate (HUL) was formed in 1933 however as Lever Brothers and later it came to be Unilever by a union in 1956. Its base was formed in Mumbai and since its a multinational company, 52% of the shares in the company are held by the main Unilever in United Kingdom. The product categories are the same as aforementioned. HUL employs thousands of employees directly and indirectly and it got its official name in 2007. They started as a small company exchange soaps and then emerged as a company that made products for the FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) market. HUL has 6.4 million outlets all over India and many an(prenominal) retail outlets and a majority of the Indians use its products be it personal care or foods etc. (unilever, 1976) The major brands in India are its homecare, personal care and food brands but only personal care products go away be discussed. A few major personal care products are Axe Ayush therapy products CLEAR shut up Up toothpaste Dove Fair & Lovely Lifebuoy Liri Lakme Pears Rexona Ponds LUX Vaseline Tresemme Pepsodent Sunsilk Hindustan Unilever has innovated marketing of many products that cater to the local market not just in personal care product categories but all the categories which has led it to be one of the trusted companies in India. (Books, 2010) Globalization and its drivers Unilever has been focused on innovation and expanding its size ever since it started out and globalization allows it to achieve its aim. They also focus on developing markets and target bottom of the pyramid consumers as well because they see a great deal of potential in these emerging markets. Unilever is one of the largest consumer goods industries in the world and they carry out large operations and manage large supply chain procedures. They are also focused on catering to consumers and lower their costs and inventory levels by understanding them better. in that respect are three different strategies that one can look to while goin g global and these are what pose a challenge for most companies. These are aggregation, adaptation and arbitrage. Aggregation is when a company or business standardizes its procedures and business practices either globally or locally or both to take improvement of economies of scale. Adaptation means catering to each market separately in order to meet consumer needs and thus boosting the business

My First Assignment as an Executive Assistant Essay

My First Assignment as an Executive Assistant - strive ExampleAt the equal time, such responsibilities extend and uphold the interest of the company that works in collaboration with other insurance companies. Costs of serve are then construeed to be in friendship with a pre-approved limit that carries an effective balance of duties and responsibilities.Similarly, certain participations arise when the balance is distorted and medical errors in the clinical institution attracts a situation in stark comparison to the ethics and laws that the company stakeholders believed in while protecting their best interests. Conflict of laws certainly worked against the achievement of a certain purpose in particular where reduction results to decreased lumber of service against a continuum of care provided for the patient. The question of, sacrificing and allowing cost to impede the quality of service provides as the main considerable conflict in the case.Superficially, we can identify the s urface conflict within the principles of business ethics that Chris is tasked to investigate and form certain essential components and probable solutions within the reach of his study. It is a proven fact that the highly technical gadgets in the wellness industry costs organise a considerable amount of money as investment. Stakeholders expect to get appropriate cost run across factors against an affordable health program commonly available for all. Yet, every labor force knows the hardships encountered just to maintain a scenario that best creates a win-win solution between the patient and family and the health provider. It is but difficult to consider such factors especially when cost drivers associates the prescription drugs cost, current medical device, governing mandates an litigation and risk care and the future of the health industry and its day-to day operations. Competition has also allowed creating a surface conflict where levels of services are in question against t he actual cost of service for the public.In its entirety, the deepest conflict lies within the sustentation of a certain balance on the cost of service that cuts unnecessary expense without sacrificing the quality to create a competitive streak within the industry. Such provisions are questioned when a shift or a disproportioned share is seen inside the business community and its clients.As a move to improve the situation, the health industry has opposed the government mandates that demonstrate a stark outweighing of costs. The business sector has provided that certain rules should be subjected to cost analysis that eradicates any mandate which outweighs the standards. Prices of drugs and medicines are enjoined for availability at reasonable prices. At the same time, the government has provided that insurance providers may be encouraged to provide a variety of plans affordable to employer and employees. Similarly, the government has pushed for certain resolutions that looked into po ssible disputes caused by the tighter security around health insurance program ensuing hearty struggles (National Coalition on Health Care, 2005). It has realized

Website Design for McBride Financial Essay Example for Free

Website Design for McBride Financial analyseBusiness GoalsThe main reason behind the development and implementation of a new system should be the value that it adds to the organization. No system, no matter how advanced or how many bells and whistles, is worth the cost in time and resources if it does not add value to the organization beyond the costs. For this reason, one business oddment associated with this flip is to increase the amount of website return traffic between 15-30% over the previous website. Adherence to the concepts of Coherence, Complexity, Legibility, and Mystery in the design of the website leave be es moveial to accomplishing this goal (Rosen Purinton, 2004). The second business goal associated with this project entrust be to increase revenue between 20-25%. Information Technology GoalsOne goal with this project is to realize a strong security backbone. Information Technology is advancing and growing by the minute. Without encryption, credentials sent rouse be easily intercepted and read by hackers, causing irreparable damage to the user and the website owners genius (Eugene Teo, senior manager of security response at security software firm Symantec Singapore, 2014). Security forget include monitoring internetbehavior, login and log on password rules, software update, and privacy of information.The other goal is to manage the website content. Managing the amount content on the website go out create a visual and financial installation which will be beneficial for the node and owner. Elements of design and graphic which includes color, number of words per line, tastefully images, brio and/audio, images, and etc. Also music, color and lighting can influence the shopper to spend time and money (e.g., Herrington and Louis, 1994). These elements will attract customers to purchase items from the website. Attracted customers will be profitable for the company. Scope(Scope of the proposed information system to include functions tha t will be included in the project.)Potential Operational ProblemOne potential operational impact associated with this project would be the accuracy of information regarding the measurements. Customer surveys are certainly not suited to the graphic symbol of real-time analysis that would be required to measure impressions and traffic generated through the website. This potential problem is til now easily mitigated by the integration and utilization of analytic software in association with the redesigned website. Google Analytics can easily be integrated with the website and will provide complex reporting on the precise inflection we need to measure in regards to the business goals associated with this project. Site traffic is analyzed and aggregated to produce reports utilizable for comparing current traffic and past traffic. These reports can also track user impressions for various pages at bottom the website and track the conversion rate for revenue generation (The Plymouth E vening Herald, 2014, para. 5-6).Potential Technical Problem good deal of information and data could become an issue during implementation. Developers are afraid to take out elements after great deal elements over elements (Hamilton, 1999). Information overload should not result in the implementation. The design should be appealing to the customer and have an eye-catching affect. If the website is appealing, this could create a muffleder load of information for the customer. If there is a slowload, the chances of luring customer on the site will be very low. Frustration is a major negative stimulation with customer.Conclusion.ReferencesRosen, D.E., Purinton, E. (2004, July). Website design Viewing the web as a cognitive landscape. Journal of Business Research, 57(7), 787-794. doi10.1016/S0148-2963(02)00353-3 The brilliance of good website performance. (2014, Feb 05). The Plymouth Evening Herald Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1494524391?accountid=458 Herrington D, Louis M. Capella practical applications of music in service settings. J Serv filth . 19948(3)50 66Hamilton, J. (1999,September 27), Clearing up web-site clutter. BusinessWeek e.biz 1999e.bizEB88 EB90.

Alcoholic Beverage and Scott Russell Sanders Essay Example for Free

Alcoholic beverage and Scott Russell Sanders EssayAnalysis of Under the Influence by Scott Russell Sanders Scott Russell Sanders narrative essay Under the Influence is a piece about his experiences with his alcoholic cause. To describe these experiences, Sanders uses animalistic diction, asyndeton, and explains how his develops disease creates insecurities in himself. Sanders social function is to describe life with an alcoholic in order to demonstrate the effects and devastation in correlational statistics with the disease. Using negative connotation, Sanders creates animal-like characteristics when writing about this fathers illness. Sanders reminisces about this childhood when he would tiptoe past his father, as past a snoring dragon(59) he is portraying his father as a creature known for being a giant, angry, fire breathing monster. While intoxicated, pack ar often referred to as having dragons breath, which is why Sanders chooses a dragon over any other monster or c reature.When Sanders father argues with his mother, he snarls back, she yells, he growls (59) this gives the father traits of an animal video display that his disease is dehumanizing and turning him into a monster when he drinks. In addition, Sanders gives his father animalistic qualities in railway line to his mother. His mother would regularly address the fathers alcohol problem which would lead to an argument in which the father would find fault and snarl while the mother yells. This implies the father is an animal while the mother still has human qualities. The disease of alcoholism not only destroys the father, but also places several insecurities inside Sanders himself. Sanders feels that maybe if he earned As in school, won baseball games, or fixed the broken washer (59), it would take away the ache that gnaws at this father. comprehend his father drink as a child, Sanders feels that it is his fault that his father drinks as much as he does, because he is not the great so n every father dreams of having.Sanders also recognizes that he is more believably to become an alcoholic and shies away from nightclubs, from bars, from parties where the solvent is alcohol (68). He is reluctant to drink alcohol because he is insecure about his ability to resist acquiring the illness (a glass of wine, a female genitals of beer, nothing stronger, nothing more. I listen for the turning of a key in my brain.) since statistics show that since his father is an alcoholic, the disease is contagious. Using asyndeton, Sanders shows how certain memories are stronger than others. When using the asyndeton, (our father prowls the house, thumping into furniture, rummaging in the kitchen, slamming doors)(59), it gives the effect that these memories are often repeated over a long period of time and he remembers vividly, this technique gives a tone that Sanders is blotto and somewhat demoralise with the effects of his fathers drinking.If these memories were frequently happening , Sanders probably became annoyed of seeing his father under the influence and going through the same routine everyday, and becoming depressed knowing that there is something wrong with his father and that he is hurting from his illness. These strategies give us a deeper agreement of the life of an alcoholic and how it not only destroys the one with the disease, but the people around them. If you were Sanders, how well should your lustrous armor stand against the dragon of alcoholism?

Tuberculosis Undergraduate Essay Example for Free

terabit undergraduate EssayAbstract tebibyte is a good example of the importance of the ecological balance among host and bloodsucker in infectious sickness. Hosts atomic number 18 not comm yet aw ar of pathogens that invade the organic structure and ar defeated. If defenses fail, however, hosts capture very much aware of the resulting disease. Several factors may affect host fortress levelsthe straw man of opposite illness and physiological and environmental factors such as malnutrition, overcrowding, and stress.Tuberculosis is more or less unremarkably acquired by inhaling the tuberosity vitamin B. Only very fine particles containing one to three bacilli reach the lungs, where they are usually phagocytized by a macroph period in the alveoli. The macrophages of a healthy singular usually destroy the bacilli.I. IntroductionTuberculosis is or TB is an infectious disease that usually affects the lungs. The most everyday cast is caused by mycobacterium terabyte, a slender, rod-like bacterium commonly called the preeminence bacillus. The tubercle bacillus is very hardy, surviving when many opposite bacteria send packingnot. In addition to affecting the lungs, terabyte stomach affect almost all other organs of the body.Tuberculosis, which in the past called phthisis and consumption, has afflicted man for thousands of years. Evidence of the disease has been assemble in Egyptian mummies. Tuberculosis was once a leading cause of death in all age groups, but its severity has decreased with improved medical care and better living standards.Most persons puddle a natural guard to the tubercle bacillus. Even though deep numbers of persons, especially in cities, become give by the bacillus early in life, only a small division actually develops the disease (Orrett Shurland, 2001).This paper intent to (1) know the make passrence of terbium and how it is being spread (2) be aware of its symptoms and staining and (3) figure out its treatm ent and control.II. BackgroundTuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium terabit, a slender rod and an obligate aerobe. The rods grow s dispiritedly (20-hour generation time), sometimes form filaments and tend to grow in clumps. On the surface liquid media, their growth appears moldlike, which suggested the genus name Mycobacterium, from the classical mykes, meaning fungus.These bacteria are relatively resistant to normal staining procedures. When stained by the ZiehlNeelson or Kinyoun technique that stains the cell with carbolfuchsin dye, they cannot be decolorized with a mixture of acid and alcohol and are thereof classified as acid-fast. This characteristic reflects the unusual composition of the cell wall, which contains large amounts of lipid materials (American Thoracic Society, 2000). These lipids might extravagantly be responsible for the resistance of mycobacteria to environmental stresses, such as drying. In fact, these bacteria can brave out for weeks in dried sputum and are very resistant to chemical antimicrobials used as antiseptics and disinfectants.Tuberculosis is a good example of the importance of the ecological balance between host and parasite in infectious disease. Hosts are not usually aware of pathogens that invade the body and are defeated. If defenses fail, however, hosts become very much aware of the resulting disease. Several factors may affect host resistance levelsthe presence of other illness and physiological and environmental factors such as malnutrition, overcrowding, and stress (Weiss, 2000).Tuberculosis is most commonly acquired by inhaling the tubercle bacilli reach the lungs, where they are usually phagocytized by a macrophage in the alveoli. The macrophages of a healthy individual usually destroy the bacilli. If they do not, the macrophages actually protect the microbe from the chemical and immunological defenses of the body, and many of the bacilli survive and multiply indoors the macrophage (American Thoracic Society, 2000).These macrophages eventually lyse, releasing an increased number of pathogens. The tubercle bacilli released from dying macrophages form a lesion. A hypersensitivity moveion against these organisms causes formation of a tubercle, which effectively walls off the pathogen. These small lumps are characteristics of tuberculosis and give the disease its name. Tubercles are composed of packed masses of tissue cells and the disintegration products of bacilli and leukytes they usually stool a necrotic center. Few bacteria are present in the tubercle (Diehl, 2003).The tubercle bacillus does not produce any injurious toxins. Tissue damage is mostly from the hypersensitivity reaction. As the reaction continues, the tubercle undergoes necrosis and eventually forms a slickous lesion that has a cheeselike consistency. If the caseous lesions heal, they become are called Ghon complexes. If the disease is not arrested at this point, the caseous lesions progress to liquefaction.An air-filled tuberculous cavity is create from the caseous lesion. Conditions within the cavity favor the proliferation of the tubercle bacillus, which then grows for the first time extracellularly. Bacilli soon reach very large members, and eventually the lesion ruptures, releasing the microorganisms into the blood and lymphatic system (American Thoracic Society and Centers for Disease Control and measure, 2000). This hold back of rapidly spreading infection that overwhelms the bodys remaining defenses is called miliary tuberculosis (the name is derived from the numerous millet seed-sized tubercles formed in the infected tissues).This condition leads to a industrial disease characterized by loss of weight, coughing (often with a show of blood), and general loss of vigor. (At one time, tuberculosis was commonly was known as consumption.) Even when longanimouss are con placered cured, tubercle bacilli often remain in the lung, and the disease may be re activated. Reactivation may be precipitated by old age, poor nutrition, or immunosuppression.III. DiscussionA. Occurrence and SpreadWhen a person with tuberculosis coughs or sneezes, tiny droplets containing thousands of tubercle bacilli are sprayed into the air. The disease is spread when non-infected persons inhale the bacilli thus released into the air. A person can also contract tuberculosis by drinking unpasteurized milk from cows having the disease. This form of tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis.Resistance to tuberculosis depends largely upon the general health of the individual. Persons who are feed or weakened by disease are more likely to develop tuberculosis. Outbreaks tend to occur in areas with crowded living conditions, such as nursing homes and prisons (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003).About 90 percent of tuberculosis infections occur first in the lungs. Tuberculosis of the lungs is called pulmonary tuberculosis. When tubercl e bacilli are inhaled into the lungs, they are either destroyed by white blood cells or surrounded by special cells and fibers in the infected area of the lung, forming tiny nodules called tubercles.If the immune system is effective, the bacteria are kept from multiplying and an active case of tuberculosis does not develop. In some cases, however, the bacteria enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system and are carried to other parts of the body. The bacteria usually lodge in the brain, kidneys, bones, or heart (Murray, 2000).B. Symptoms and maculationEarly pulmonary tuberculosis commonly gives no specific warning. Later, fatigue, weight loss, or a low fever may be the only symptoms. In advanced stages, severe coughing, hoarseness, chest pain and the expression of blood in the sputum (a mixture of saliva and discharges from the respiratory passages) can occur. If the persevering of is untreated and his resistance is low, large areas of lung tissue can be destroyed and there is con siderable weight loss.The best agency of detecting infection by tubercle bacilli is by means of a tuberculin turn out. In a tuberculin test, tuberculina liquid containing substance obtained from tubercle bacilliis injected between the layers of the fur. After 48 to 72 hours, the point of injection is examined for inflammation and swelling (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003). A tuberculin test will reveal whether a person has been infected by tubercle bacilli, but it will not indicate whether he has an active case of the disease. diagnosis of active tuberculosis can usually be made by a chest X ray and other tests. Diseased areas of the lungs usually cast a characteristic shadow on the roentgen ray film. Another method of diagnosis involves a microscopic examination of the unhurrieds sputum for the presence of tubercle bacilli (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003).C. Treatment and ControlPrior to 1945, practically the only methods for treating tuberc ulosis were lengthened bed rest and (in advanced cases) immobilization of the infected lung by collapsing it. Since the time, drugs endure been produced that can stop the tubercle bacilli from multiplying, thus allowing the natural defenses of the body to be effective. The most important of these drugs are streptomycin (INH). In addition, improved running(a) techniques permit the safe removal of areas of the lung where infection persists despite treatment with drugs (American Thoracic Society, 2000).Most important in tuberculosis control is early detection, so that persons with the disease can be treated and isolated from others. A vaccine known as BCG can create immunity to tuberculosis. However, in the United States this vaccine is recommended only in special circumstances. One reason is that vaccinated persons react positively to a tuberculin test and therefore cannot be differential from infected persons.D. Planning and GoalsThe major goals for the persevering include mainten ance of a patient airway, increased knowledge about the disease and treatment regimen and adherence to the practice of medicine regimen, increased action tolerance, and absence of complications.E. Nursing Interventionsa.) Promoting Airway ClearanceCopious secretions obstruct the airways in many patients with TB and intermeddle with adequate gas exchange. Increasing fluid intake promotes systematic hydration and serves as an effective expectorant. The nurse instructs the patient about correct positioning to facilitate airway drainage (Diehl, 2003).b.) Advocating Adherence to Treatment RegimenThe multiple- medication regimen that a patient must follow can be quite complex. Understanding the medications, schedule, and side effects is important. The patient must understand that TB is a communicable disease and that taking medications is the most effective means of preventing transmission. The major reason treatment fails is that patients do not take their medications regularly and fo r the ordained duration. The nurse carefully instructs the patient about important hygiene measures, including mouth care, covering the mouth and intrude when coughing and sneezing, proper disposal of tissues, and hand hygiene (Diehl, 2003).c.) Promoting Activity and Adequate NutritionPatients with TB are often deliberated from a prolonged chronic illness and impaired nutritional status. The nurse devises a progressive activity schedule that focuses on increasing activity tolerance and muscle strength. Anorexia, weight loss, and malnutrition are common in patients with TB. The patients willingness to eat may be altered by fatigue from excessive coughing, sputum production, chest pain, generalized debilitated state, or cost, if the person has few resources. A nutritional plan that allows for small, frequent meals may be required. Liquid nutritional supplements may assist in meeting radical caloric requirements (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003).F. Monitoring and M anaging Potential Complicationsa.) MalnutritionThis may be a consequence of the patients lifestyle, neediness of knowledge about adequate nutrition and its role in health maintenance, lack of resources, fatigue, or lack of appetite because of coughing and mucus production. To counter the effects of these factors, the nurse collaborates with dietitian, physician, social worker, family, and patient to identify strategies to ensure an adequate nutritional intake and availability of nutritious food.Identifying facilities that provide meals in the patients neighborhood may increase the likelihood that the patient with limited resources and energy will have access to a more nutritious intake (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003). High-calorie nutritional supplements may be suggested as a strategy for increasing dietary intake using food products normally found in the home. Purchasing food supplements may be beyond the patients budget, but a dietitian can help develop recipes to increase calorie intake despite minimal resources.IV. deductionIn conclusion, persons infected with tuberculosis develop cell-mediated immunity against the bacterium. This form of immune response, rather than humoral immunity, is because the pathogen is situated mostly within macrophages. This immunity, involving sensitized T cells, is the basis for the tuberculin skin test. In this test, a purified protein derivative (PPD) of the tuberculosis bacterium, derived by precipitation from broth cultures, is injected continuously.If the injected person has been infected with tuberculosis in the past, sensitized T cells react with these proteins and a delayed hypersensitivity reactions appears in about 48 hours. This reaction appears as an induration (hardening) and reddening of the area nigh the injection site. Probably the most accurate tuberculin test is the Mantoux test, in which dilutions of 0.1 ml of antigen are injected and the reacting area of the skin is measured. A number o f similar tests are also in common use.A positive tuberculin test in the very young is a probable indication of an active case of tuberculosis. In fourth-year persons, it might indicate only hypersensitivity resulting from a previous infection or vaccination, not a true active case. Nonetheless, it is an indication that further examination is needed, such as a chest X-ray for the detection of lung lesions and attempts to isolate the bacterium.References1. American Thoracic Society (2000). Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis in adults and children. American daybook of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 161 (4), 1376-1395.2. American Thoracic Society and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2000). Targeted tuberculin examen and treatment of latent infection. American Journal of respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 161 (4), S221-S247.3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2003). Essential components of a tuberculosis prevention and control program recommendations of the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis. MMWR Modibity and Mortality each week Report, 44 (RR-11), 1-16.4. Diehl, H. S. (2003). The Health of College Students. American Council on Education. Washington, DC.5. Murray, J. F. (2000). Intensive Care A Doctors Journal. University of California Press. Berkeley, CA.6. Orrett, Fitzroy A. Shurland, Simone M. (2001).Knowledge and Awareness of Tuberculosis among Pre-University Students in Trinidad Journal of Community Health, Vol. 26.7. Weiss, R. TB troubles. Science News 13392-93, 2000. Discusses reasons for the recent increase in tuberculosis in the United States.

VARK Analysis Essay Example for Free

VARK compend EssayLearning is a surgical process that whitethorn occur consciously or unconsciously. Differences in the process through which varied people accept/acquire learning, process and interpret it, greatly influences the commission individuals depart react to the same stimuli. These differences carry on with an individual into the educational system and depending on an individuals druthers, their performance in school is greatly influenced-both academically and socially.There are several learning modes that individuals may ascribe to, the common ones being visual representation, audio representation, reading and writing and activity. This paper seeks to discuss these modes as brought out through the VARK digest and give recommendations on how to make the best out of a crabby learning mode. Learning Style To understand a concept, some people may prefer to find out separates doing the same thing, others may prefer to be involved while others may prefer to read nearly it or be told about it by another person who they may regard as having a better understanding.These are learning entitles that we employ to gather and process information. According to Keefe (1979), a learning style can be defined as the composite of characteristic cognitive, affective, and physiological factors that serve as comparatively stable indicators of how a pupil perceives, interacts with, and responds to the learning environment. As an individual, I particularly prefer to learn by being involved physically or doing something practically.This succors in embedding a concept or procedure to entrepot and allow for troubleshooting. Information gathered from literature is visualized and sometimes put in form of diagrams or patterns that can be easy to remember. Charts and graphs also serve as easy ways to grasp approximations being presented. In class setting, I prefer to look up information on my own, reading from different sources until a concept is silent. Oc casionally I may enquire of others after exhausting all other avenues. Comparison of learning strategiesAccording to the VARK analysis, individuals are considered to be able to take in and process information in through four channels visual, aural, reading/writing or kinesthetic. No single way can be considered better than the others but understanding ones acceptance and processing channel can help in developing a study strategy to help the individual be able to correct the speed and learning efficiency. Any combination of the above learning preferences results in a multimodal (VARK) learning preference which may -in my opinion- be deemed more desirable than the single preference learning style.Being multimodal, having all preferences, allows the learner to be able to cope with learning challenges better as they are able to switch amid preferences to the one most applicable in a given situation. This mode though may get under ones skin a hindrance in itself in that the individual may be unable to decide debauched bounteous onto which mode to switch into thereby resulting in delay in finish making or being out of sync with the learning environment. Following VARK analysis I am considered as multimodal with higher(prenominal) preference to kinesthetic, visual and reading/writing and least to aural which I consider as a true evaluation.Further analysis classifies me as a whole-sense multimodal individual score over 25 who makes usance of several strategies before making a final decision (Fleming N. D. , 2010). This in itself is identified as a weakness due to the indecisive nature that results from taking to long to decide when presented with information through entirely one channel. Changes needed Though slowness in decision making is being viewed as a weakness, in some instances it is an advantage in that it prevents rash decision making and allows more time for musing on any given topic.A most critical change required is in self-confidence, a capaci ty to take risk and act on the information at hand. This I consider as the most critical since in hospital setting, incase of a casualty case, there is not enough time to verify all information and instant decisions have to be made to save a patient. Another would be to determine the objectives of learning a particular subject and this would allow for faster decision making as it would allow for assumption to be made when only trying to get an idea (Bradford K., Stewart K. L. , 1992) Summarization VARK analysis though not a learning strategy in itself, is a face-saving tool in identifying ones own weaknesses and thus be in a position to identify the get across of action to be taken. Instances where an individual is not able to integrate into a new learning environment can easily be dealt with since the individual knowing their strengths and weaknesses would easily try to adapt themselves to the environment or if attainable change it to their preferred one.It also increases ones c onfidence when learning as clarification may be sought in a way the learner feels most comfortable with. Conclusion Though this analysis does give one a powerful tool with which to strategize their studies, it is important to understand that the outcome of studies depends entirely on that individuals willingness to change their strategies to take advantage of their strengths and work on their weaknesses.It is also to be understood that learning styles in themselves are just preferences that an individual has and are not sure guarantees that presented with information in such a way they will instantly understand it. Although everyone has a preferred way of learning, it is possible for everyone to combine several strategies in order t achieve a set learning goal. ?ReferencesFlemiming N. D. (2010). VARK A review of those who are multimodal. Accessed July 11, 2010 from http//www. vark-learn.com/english/page_content/multimodality. htm Keefe, J. W. (1979). Learning style An overview. In N ASSPs Student learning stylesDiagnosing and prescribing programs (pp. 1-17). Reston, VA bailiwick Association of Secondary School Principals. Overview of Learning Styles, (2010). Accessed July 11, 2010 from http//www. learning-styles-online. com/overview/ Stewart, K. L. , and Felicetti, L. A. (1992). Learning styles of marketing majors. Educational Research Quarterly, 15(2), 15-23.

Various Culture And Their Distictive Ways Essay Example for Free

dissimilar Culture And Their Distictive Ways EssayCulture is a distinctive way of life of people or groups . Culture is manifested in all aspects of life which include norms and values such as age, language, gender and complaisant values such as religion, marriage and rite of passage. Different cultural groups norms and values compare and line of merchandise from one cultural group to an early(a) as shown in the tcapable with a case information of western,African,Islamic,Hinduism and Chinese culture culture.Age influences accomplishment as young people are more able to study, understand and conceptualize than the older people. Also due to age bar the young may be unable to learn certain issues such as leadership. Where there is gender discrimination for instance, a girlfriend child is discriminated and are not accessed to education . Where there is gender equality there is tendency of aspiration thus improving learning process.Learning will be slow where there is languag e barrier or if language needs to be translated from one to the other, this hampers understanding and communication. Social values influence learning for instance in Africa, after initiation girls went for marriage while boys became warriors. This curtails continuity with education. References Marjorie Ebort,Margaret Gisler. (1999). career for culture lovers and other artsy types,McGraw-hill professional

A Cop’s Life Essay Example for Free

A elates Life EssayIn A Cops Life Heather MacDonald describes the medias blinding prejudices when it comes to policing and race and supported it with two divergent cops life stories. First is about a black man who was shot knackered by a cop who was trying to restrain him because he was running naked through occupation pounding cars and received all two mentions in the press outside Seattle. MacDonald compared this story to an angry-cop case that has been videotaped slugging a cuffed black teen once in the head who received 370 stories in the event and flooded the provinces airwaves and presses. The author describes how being acc employ of racism affects a cop to do his job. In like a shots world, due to a continuous competition in intelligence and media industry, it seems like most of the newsworthiness that is coming out today are reconstructed to a way that it will attract to a greater extent wad. And due to the fact that for some primers, bad news are more catchy t han good news and that influential people like police forcemen are more interesting to talk about, a lot of people are being mislead by medias bias information.I would take the example used by the author in this article as my example. It is an incident of a police officer who has been coerce to use his power to decimal point a civilian who is doing an unlawful violent behavior. The whole story was non out in the news which includes the behavior of the civilian before and just after the latter was cuffed. The only video that they represented was when the civilian was thrown on the hood, but the earlier part that should supposedly concludes the reason why the police officer has to do it was never presented.It was this type of bias reporting that left the police officer guilty and no way to defend himself. Being a cop is not open for it requires commitment, responsibilities and dedication. Civilians look at you as a perfect person who are not allowed to commit a single mistake and that all of the things that you will be doing should be at the right thing, that is why when a cop is linked to an incident wherein the cops image is being affected that would make a history and will be talked in news in polar forms.Cops will be assaulted, ill-fated at, assaulted and even shot at but they can never strike back. Bias opinions by the media should stop and the heroic deeds of the cops should be recognized. Part 2 1. Harlem Renaissance started last 1920 in New York as part of the African American History and it gave birth to new talents like Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston and Paul Robenson. 2. Unconscious make Sigmund Freud famous as he published books and an article explaining this type of humans condition.According to him this is a part of an individuals personality that they cannot control. He also conducted series of Psychoanalysis to people with different ages which supported his beliefs. 3. Watchers might perambulate around the place where the incident hap pened that is why peace officers protected the throughway. 4. law of nature officers practice professionalism despite of the large number of tasks being assigned to them.ReferencesHeather Mac Donald. A Cops Life July 23, 2002. The National Review. http//www. nationalreview. com/comment/comment-mac-donald072302. asp

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet searchPlease complete the following exercises, remembering that you argon in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and victor when completing this worksheet. Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or appoint at least 3 related sorts for each Race Ethnicity Religion Gender Sexual druthers shape up Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Age Old multitude are slow Young people are trouble makers Young people are lazy Gender Men work harder than women Women should do wholly house work Women set about more feelings than men. Race Black people are better at sports Asians are smart albumin people get better jobs Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the supportive aspects of stereotypes, if any? One acquire of stereotypes to those being stereotyped is that the stereotype itself ma y be positive. Of course, this can backfire if you benefit from a stereotype of a group in which you fit and it becomes clear that the stereotype does non apply to you. One framework of a positive stereotype is that Asians are good at math. Another example of a positive stereotype is that Jewish people are good with m iodiny.What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? By stereotyping we infer that a person has a whole range of characteristics and abilities that we assume all members of that group have. Stereotypes lead to social categorization, which is whizz of the reasons for loss attitudes. Most stereotypes probably tend to convey a negative impression. Part III secure 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet ETH/125 Version 8.2 Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference amongst stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. Stereotypes are assumed characteristics. They do not have to carry a good judgment (although many time they do). Example The French like good cooking. Or, Icelanders dont mind the cold. Prejudice is preferring one kind of person over another.It may be based on stereotypes (I dont like Jews because theyre cheap), or not (I dont like Irish people because an Irish kid beat me up long ago). What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? The relationship is that one is having the wrong impression of the person before meeting them, the other is stroke that they are all the exact same as the one, or two, that you have met. They are both assuming things about someone and judging someone based on the difference in them. It is either from ensure or from what you heard but either way it is a judgement before you meet them or after.What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Let schools teach children that all pe ople are equal regardless of race, gender, orientation, etc, let governments introduce laws that explicitly promote equality for all. But I conjecture first of all it starts at home. I think if we teach our children that no matter what we are all equal and treat each other with respect. I think that if we all did this and showed them as also as tell them, then all the judgement will die down a lot. Copyright 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

The Key Concepts of Diversity Essay Example for Free

The Key Concepts of Diversity Essay1. What be some of the ways groups of muckle atomic number 18 identified? I would say that there are intravenous feeding types of minority or subordinate groups. The classifying of the four criteria in minority groups are the race, heathenishity, piety, and the gender. Then the groups are racial groups, ethnic groups, religious groups, gender and another(prenominal) groups. The last you do is the subordinate groups that could be every groups they indirect request. The racial group is a group that is a socially set a break out because of the obvious physical differences in each other. The ethnic group is a group that rump or set apart from others because of its national origin or cultural patterns that after part be distinctive. The religion groups is just apart what it laughingstock say in its group made up with battalion that are in the same religion.Gender groups are made up of the male or all feminine. Now you have the subordi nate group that can have a whole diverse set of criteria such as age, disability status, physical appearance, and the sexual orientation. Then I would say that you have groups that are made up of two or more groups mystify together, such as religion and color, or another combination that might be gender or sexual orientation, and it could be race. It can or it is usually the people that meet more than one of the groups into this that have the way of hardest whiles of dealings with things in the country or something that comes to mind.I would say that in this country that people are unceasingly placing people in groups that is hard enough to be just one group but when you tack other groups into it there are even bigger problems or issues. Then to be a female in this country in these days it can be very hard but if you are one then you can add the race into it. The last part is religion to it and the people are more likely to feel something totally different about you. When we express this is all done we the people put too much importance on what groups that we belong to. None of this should even matter at all and we should all be put into one group or that is the human race and that can be all.2. Why do people label and group other people? I do believe and think that people put labels on the people because they are down deep what they want to feel the superior to all others. The best part in some subconscious ways we put people in these groups and deposit labels on them to help other boost their egos and make them feel conk out about themselves. The labeling and the grouping people for hundreds of years and this is not a new thing by any means at all. This has been all the way for people to keep other down were they thought they belonged to.By this way in which people try and make themselves feel better about themselves for the simple situation that can do so many to the people that would have low self-esteem, and it is the way of boosting their own c onfidence. It is said realty of the way of life that if the people are the type to place people in groups they allow not have anything to do with anyone else but for those that are in the same groups as they are in. I would say that a lot of people only have friends from people in which are inside(a) their own group of people. But I do also think if we stop grouping people and putting labels on them we would have such better world.Look at all the problems down through and through our history that all that happened because of the labeling people. I might have an example of this such as Hitler he place people in groups and also label them and put them into separate camps. Then he thought unless you were a blonde hair and blue eyed you were not good enough to live in his world. nonnegative he thought the only way to deal with any problems that this could cause so he had an ethnic cleansing by killing those people and we all know how it turn out in that time and day. But he was is f ar from the only one that has done that.During that same time when the World state of war 2 was going own and look at what happened in our very own country we situated Japanese Americans in camps for the fact they were Japanese And still to this day and time we separate people into so many groups and keep thinking that are we all not just part of the human race or do we try to something else all the time.

Virtual Meeting Scenario Essay Example for Free

Virtual Meeting Scenario EssayIn the past, a impact for macrocosmy global companies and organizations with largely distributed partakers was ch on the wholeenging. For example, previously if a company called a meeting and attendees were in different locations, the business would either fly those in attendance to a central location, or hold conference calls. Today companies take advantage of technology by holding virtual meetings. tally to Educause acquirement Initiative A virtual meeting is Online virtual meetings ar real-time interactions that take seat over the Internet using features such as audio and video, chat tools, and application sharing (Educase Learning Initiative, 2006). In other words a virtual meeting can link meeting participants without him or her ever leaving his or her workplace. From this new innovation businesses can expand businesses and make decisions faster however, all meeting attendees should learn to respect individually other, communicate, and ap preciate each others differences.There are several types of teams, from sports teams to debate teams and workplace teams. Workplace teams is the focus of this paper, specifically virtual teams, the individual who are a part of the team must be there to create a cooperative effort for teamwork to be present. Different obstacles can be created by virtual meetings because the individuals voluminous in the meeting are non face to face and only have what each other say to make his or her impressions and perceptions. The teams involved in the virtual meetings have to be open to learn, share, discuss, and seek information and knowledge.The virtual meeting scenario with Pablo, surface-to-air missile and Lifang Lin, they all are from different regions and assimilations. The affectation is provided by University of Phoenix (2009). The obstacles and difficulties that each individual in the simulation endures include accents, stereotypes, culture, ego and gender. There are remarks made base d on ones culture and stereotypes brought up. In the simulation it is understood that because Lifang Lin is a female that the two males seems to leave her out of conversation and not recognize that she is a part of the team. surface-to-air missile, an American, made offensive comments that are very derogatory and rude.He similarly made a prejudice comment to Pablo that he wants to build a higher wall along the border there so yall meaning Mexican dont corroborate coming over into America and ruining things for the rest of us, (University of Phoenix, 2009). Sam also talks about fetching siestas and calling him Senor Pablo and that he dont hablo espanol or anything like that. Even though Pablo is an educated man Sam comments still make seems like he is superior to Pablo and Pablo in inferior to him. Sam is an unethical, prejudice, self-absorb, and crook person. I would not have let it the conservation get far.I would have told Sam he was unprofessional and we are here to conduct business. Pablo is from Mexico and third world country. Pablo has a big ego and he always singing his own praises and building his self-up. He always wants to take the lead, talk about how braggart(a) he is, talk about a lot about his accomplishments, and feel he is superior to everyone else. Pablo appears to be self-centered and arrogant just from his introduction. He did show have some hostility toward Sam regarding his remarks, Pablo told Sam the topic is sensitive to him. Pablo is an egotistical person despite the how Sam stereotyped him.I would have did the comparable with Pablo stopped him before he made everything about himself and not the business. Lifang Lin is from China. Lifang Lin is the most professional out of them all. She ineluctably to talk up some to Sam and Pablo and not let them bully her. She is submissive, maybe because of her culture. She appears to be sensibly shy and laid back, but she is respectful of other. She tries to makes things peaceful between ev eryone. She is more of a peacemaker and attractor than Sam and Pablo. If I was Lifang Lin I would have ask Sam and Pablo to conduct themselves professionally and treat each other with respect.

Rates of reaction Essay Example for Free

Rates of reception EssayRefer to GRAPH 1 The raw material bm of the graph shows that while of reaction (y) decreases at a decreasing pasture. More specifically the kink of best fit shows that the average temperature (y) is inversely proportional to the average epoch of reaction (x). This forms an equation of y=mi (1/x) term of reaction = uninterrupted x (1/temperature). As the ageless is set as 1, this asshole be interpreted as y=1/x. In order to validate this I go away scram a business concern graph showing the birth between the two. The calculations of 1/temperature are besides tabulated below.2 As can be seen from the graph the time of reaction increases at a constant yard which proves that the time of reaction is proportional to 1 over temperature. Although the points do not form a perfect straight line, using the line of best fit it is possible to determine the time taken by any given temperature. For type a 1/temperature of 0. 015 i C would cause the r eaction to take approx. 60 seconds.And by dividing 0. 015 by 1, it is possible determine the actual temperature of the reaction. In this case 1/temperature = 0. 015 1/0. 025 = 66. 66 Therefore temperature = 66i C Hence it would take approx. 60 seconds for a product to be organise when the temperature is 66i C. I have analysed the time of reaction as this was the dependant vari able-bodied byout my experiment, scarce the aim of my experiment is to determine the kinship between temperature and rate of reaction. Therefore I will swallow by producing a scatter diagram showing all the recordings.This will allow me to play along the true statement of results and also, through a visual display, identify any possible recordings that dont follow the usual trend. Using the recordings of time of reaction, it is possible to convert this into a rate using the following formula 1 / time taken Below are the rates of reaction calculations tabulated and and so a scatter diagram demonstratin g this The scatter diagram shows positive correlation meaning as the temperature increases, the rate of reaction also tends to increase.In order to dot the recordings further and more than importantly notify a relationship I will tabulate and produce a line graph showing the average time of reaction recordings against increasing temperature. TEMPERATURE (i C) The basic trend of the graph shows that as the temperature increases so does the rate of reaction, which proves my prediction is correct.However as can be seen, the relationship is not linear. The curve of best fit shows that the average rate of reaction (y) is directly proportional to the straightforwardly root of temperature (x). I have calculated this below and in order to test a relationship I have produced a line graph The graph shows that the average rate of reaction increases at a constant rate, excluding the second point, which proves that rate of reaction, is directly proportional to the unanimous root of temperatu re. Using the line of best fit it is possible to find the rate of reaction by choosing any temperature on the graph.For example a Vtemperature of 3i C would cause the reaction to take approx. 0. 00565 seconds. And by squaring the VtemperaturAs the temperature increases the time of reaction decreases. As the temperature increases the rate of reaction also increases which validates my prediction is correct. And from demonstrating these findings on line graphs, I was able to determine and prove that Time of reaction is proportional to 1/temperature and rate of reaction is proportional to the square root of temperature.EVALUATION true statement As can be seen from the circled point on the majority of graphs produced from the results taken, this is identified as an anomaly as it disperses away from the usual trend of the graph. There are more reasons to indicate why an anomaly is stick this consists of human errors and equipment restrictions and possible unruly scientific theories tha t affect the whole experiment. The method of using a tick off watch to measure the time of reaction was not as reliable as to using more precise recording apparatus such as a time cadence and indicating craft for example.This is 1) referable to the unit of time where all recordings were automatically rounded to 2d. p. and 2) the mature condition of the stop watch utilise at times caused a lockage in the start and stop buttons, in a case where the time distinction of getting the stop watch to start and stop may have affected the the true of a recording. Furthermore it was impossible to observe and acknowledge exactly when a reaction had been aced indeed product formation. Extra attention was paid to the reaction, but the stop watch timer was only halt when I believed the reaction was complete.This is unreliable and has no form of justification as this was determined solely through manual procedure. Again another profound error may have been the amount of hydrochloric acid. I ensured as much solution as possible was poured into the required beaker after being measured in the measuring cylinder, however there were always small drips of liquid that were inevitable. It is illegible whether this has an influential affect however this careless(predicate) opposes the accuracy of the recordings. The temperature of the solution may have not been as intended at the start of the reaction (when the magnesium was put in).This is primarily due to that the beaker was removed from the heat once the thermometer hit the intended temperature, however the distinction in time of removing the beaker from the heating setup area to the flat desk and entering the magnesium may have caused the temperature to fall ( of import/insignificantly is unknown). This is due to the reaction being exothermic, transfer of heat to surroundings, which would have caused striking changes in temperature throughout the experiment. There are also reasons to compliment the accuracy of my resul ts Each recording was iterate twice.This enabled me to calculate an average and gave me the advantage of being able to produce a better analysis overall. I was able to identify early on during the preliminary work that the magnesium strips may have not been the same consistent size throughout, but during the actual experiment I took extra care in measuring, cutting and comparing the strips to the required identical length. Reliability In addition to the scopes of errors mentioned above, there are many other incontrollable factors that may have had a form of influence or obstruction.However no significant problems or difficulties were encountered whilst conducting the experiment. My results and conclusion were ideal and reliable enough to verify a relationship that as the temperature increases, the rate of reaction also increases, hence agreeing with my set prediction. I was also able to determine that an increase in temperature, decreases the time of reaction, furthermore the time of reaction is proportional to 1/temperature and the rate of reaction is proportional to the square root of temperature.Improvements No matter how accurate produced results are, due to the restriction in apparatus provided and the time to complete the investigation, improvements will always be applicable. Possible improvements In order to exclude the scopes of errors mentioned above regarding changing temperature, it would be convenient to conduct reactions in a thermos or similar container which would trap the heat. This would keep the temperature constant and in return increase the accuracy of results.Even though two repeats for each recording was accurate enough to produce a reliable average, increasing this to three or four recordings would produce a range of results which could then be analysed in more detail. From this possible impediments of restrictions may also arise, which whilst analsying may give about new theories affecting the reactions. As mentioned earlier, a more precise time measuring device would be useful instead of a stop watch. This would obviously be to produce better, pri cised results and one that would possibly exclude the need of manual operation.Extending the investigation It would be useful to experiment temperatures below 30i C. This would enable me to observe the reactions and behavior of lower temperatures. And primarily with the last three temperature recordings it was noticeable that the points were closer which explains the flat curve produced at the end of graphs that produced a curve. This would enable me to observe the point at which reactions are unable to exceed therefore it would be of use to observe temperatures exceeding 90i.Another method of measurement would be counting the bubbles formed in a reaction. This would require the need of better equipment, but I believe this would form raise results. It would also be interesting to experiment the influences of the other variables, as mentioned at the beginning of my coursework. I was able to briefly experiment concentration in my preliminary work, but it would be interesting to do a continuous specialised experiment and also a new variable that comes to mind light. SECONDARY SOURCES OF knowledgeInternet sources used to construct my background knowledge http//www. wpbschoolhouse. btinternet. co. uk/page03/3_31rates. htm http//www. scool. co. uk/topic_quicklearn. asp? loc=qltopic_id=11quicklearn_id=1subject_id=21ebt=248ebn=ebs=ebl=elc=4 http//www. webchem. net/notes/how_far/dynamics/rate_factors. htm.

The Role Of The Modern Spectator Theatre Essay

The Role Of The Modern Spectator Theatre EssaySociety considers art as a contriveion of what is happening in the world, as well as the distinct types of personalities that people portray. Consequently, society expects that the mod spectator go beyond merely sharing the artists experiences to interpret for him or herself the meaning of these. The psych separateapeutic voice of the modern spectator has thus been reduced, as he or she is no longer the passive participant, sitting in a field of honor hall or cinema, merely watching a piece of art. Instead, he or she has been made to take up an active economic consumption of learning from the works of art, in assemble to create change for him or her and the society as a whole. The discussion includes what is meant by the cathartic role of the modern spectator, how it has diminished in the smart form of theater, and whether it is possible for him or her to reclaim it.1 Eva Berczeller. The aesthetical Feeling and Aristotles catha rsis Theory. The Journal of Psychology 65, (1967) 261-71.2 Esta Powell. Catharsis in psychology and beyond a historic overview. Accessed 13 January 2011 http//primal- page.com/cathar.htmSchultz and Schultzs definition of catharsis considers it as a psychic process where unconscious thoughts and feelings ar made conscious, therefore, allowing the individual to express himself in manner that can be understood.3. Similarly, Szczeklik considers catharsis from as a technique by which an individual lets go of his emotions which are related to unpleasant experiences in the past.4Aristotle considered catharsis as the process by which spectators set themselves free from the emotions that a piece of art triggers in them, such(prenominal) that they master relief and a sense of inner peace. In early(a) words, experiencing catharsis had moral and ethical implications because it helped to check out passions and strong emotions, therefore restoring the balance in ones life. The pleasure of rel easing ones emotions resulted in a relief from disturbances such as pity and fear. He saw catharsis as aiming at creating a nice and sugared feeling of relief to the spectator. Evidently, the word catharsis takes on different meanings in different fields of knowledge, only when what these definitions have in common are the aspects of cleansing or purgation, releasing of emotions brought about by a persons experiences. Esta Powell affirms this by axiom that, catharsis takes different forms but its essence remains the same, since it is a release from approximately burden (either physical or mental) and tallys healing through its purging effect. 5 Consequently, the underlying nonion of purging that has made scholars acknowledge catharsis as a healing, cleansing, and transforming experience, a technique that can be employ to bring about a therapeutic change.______________3 Esta Powell. Catharsis in psychology and beyond a historic overview, Accessed 13 January 2011 http//primal- page.com/cathar.htm4 Andrzej Szczeklik. Catharsis on the art of medicine. Chicago The University of Chicago Press, 20055 Duane Schultz and Sydney Schultz A history of modern psychology. Belmont, ca Wadsworth/Thompson. 2004.In the sphere of theater, catharsis is used to refer to any repose of emotions in this case, an audience releases his or her emotions while watching a drama in any satisfactory method and channel. The spectator therefore has a role to play in theater, in that he or she is deemed to express the emotions aroused by theatric activities.How does catharsis occur in theatre? According to Esta Powell, artists use different strategies to trigger strong emotional displays in their audiences. Many artists use the effect of surprise and unexpectedness to bring about catharsis. For example, in the Greek tragedy Oedipus rex, Oedipus experiences catharsis when he feels culp fitted of murdering his father, marrying his mother, who later commits suicide and the loneliness he f eels as a result. 7Scheff believes that human beings strive to engage in activities that will enable them free themselves from hurtful emotional experiences, and therefore obtain a sense of calm. He gives the example of a spectator who cries about a character who dies in a play. This, he notes, is simply a reawakening of feelings of deviation in the viewers life and he or she is reliving unresolved personal experiences. He explains this by saying that theater provides for the audience a safe distance from personal experiences. This is because the social environment of a theater lessens the effect of emotions arising from unpleasant events, as the audience believes that an individual is sympathizing with a play character and not with himself.9____________7 Esta Powell. Catharsis in psychology and beyond a historic overview, accessed 13 January 2011 http//primal- page.com/cathar.htm8 Andrzej Szczeklik, Catharsis on the art of medicine. Chicago (The University of Chicago Press, 2005). 9 Thomas Scheff Catharsis in healing, ritual, and drama. Lincoln, ne( iuniverse.com, 2001).However, the cathartic role of the spectator has diminished due to modernism. The two major personalities, who have opposed the norms of traditional theater and called for a revolution in its practices, are Bertolt Brecht and Antonin Artaud. Tuirenn Hurstfield notes that theater artists Bertolt Brecht and Antonin Artaud were both frustrated by the traditional theaters illusions of imitating reality. In retaliation, they advocated for change. Artaud, feeling the idea of theatre had been lost, moved towards his theatre of cruelty while Brecht, refuting the drama of his time as still following Aristotles idea of catharsis, moved towards a non-Aristotelian mode of theater.10 In what he calls a new form of theater, that is, epic theater. Brecht argues that the spectator is no longer just an observer, but in any case an actor.Brecht distinguishes this situation from that of what he calls dramatic t heatre, or in other words, Aristotles view of theatre, where the spectator is merely an observer, sharing the experience of the actor. He considers catharsis as a way of bringing about greater social change. Pericles Lewis affirms this by saying that Brechts idea of epic theater appealed to reason rather than the expression of emotions and sought to turn the spectator into an observer, who stands aside, separates himself from the military accomplish of the play, and studies it. In this respect, what Brecht was doing was to stand against a dominant tradition in theater, which aimed to have the spectator involved in and sharing the experience of the play. In addition, Brecht was against identification or sympathy between the spectators and the actors, which was characteristic of Aristotles idea of catharsis._____________10 Hurstfield Tuirenn, Bertolt Brecht and Antonin Artauds revolutionary theatre practices, last modified Aug 28, 2008, http//www.suite101.com/content/bertolt-brecht- antonin-artaud-a6638011 Pericles Lewis, The Cambridge Introduction to modernism Cambridge (Cambridge Press, 2007).193- 194.Pericles Lewis notes that Brecht advocates for a insulation between the spectator and the action of the play as well as its characters, so that he is able to reflect on his theatric experience in a rational manner, void of the influence of emotions. In other words, Brecht maintained that the spectators experience should not stop with the emotional reaction that the play elicits, but should cause a distanced reflection based on that emotional reaction. 12In conclusion, it appears then, that the modern spectator cannot reclaim his or her cathartic role, since scholars place more emphasis on what moral lessons the theatric activities can offer him or her, other than the emotional relief. This is difficult for the modern spectator because we are not only rational but also emotional beings. Creating a balance between the two aspects of human existence puts the moder n spectator in a dilemma, as he cannot ignore the feelings that a theatric spectacle elicits in him. At the same time, he has to reflect on the didactic intentions of the artist or the creator of the play. The modern spectator has to see beyond the feelings he has of the action as well as the characters in the play, and consider the social or political action that he is supposed to take because of his emotional reaction. In other words, the sentiments that any piece of art elicits in the spectator should serve as motivation for him to implement the lessons learnt. They should assist him in bringing about the so desired social and political changes in our world today otherwise, art will have failed in its ultimate role.________________12 Pericles Lewis, The Cambridge Introduction to modernism Cambridge (Cambridge University Press, 2007). 191.