Various Culture And Their Distictive Ways Essay Example for Free

dissimilar Culture And Their Distictive Ways EssayCulture is a distinctive way of life of people or groups . Culture is manifested in all aspects of life which include norms and values such as age, language, gender and complaisant values such as religion, marriage and rite of passage. Different cultural groups norms and values compare and line of merchandise from one cultural group to an early(a) as shown in the tcapable with a case information of western,African,Islamic,Hinduism and Chinese culture culture.Age influences accomplishment as young people are more able to study, understand and conceptualize than the older people. Also due to age bar the young may be unable to learn certain issues such as leadership. Where there is gender discrimination for instance, a girlfriend child is discriminated and are not accessed to education . Where there is gender equality there is tendency of aspiration thus improving learning process.Learning will be slow where there is languag e barrier or if language needs to be translated from one to the other, this hampers understanding and communication. Social values influence learning for instance in Africa, after initiation girls went for marriage while boys became warriors. This curtails continuity with education. References Marjorie Ebort,Margaret Gisler. (1999). career for culture lovers and other artsy types,McGraw-hill professional

A Cop’s Life Essay Example for Free

A elates Life EssayIn A Cops Life Heather MacDonald describes the medias blinding prejudices when it comes to policing and race and supported it with two divergent cops life stories. First is about a black man who was shot knackered by a cop who was trying to restrain him because he was running naked through occupation pounding cars and received all two mentions in the press outside Seattle. MacDonald compared this story to an angry-cop case that has been videotaped slugging a cuffed black teen once in the head who received 370 stories in the event and flooded the provinces airwaves and presses. The author describes how being acc employ of racism affects a cop to do his job. In like a shots world, due to a continuous competition in intelligence and media industry, it seems like most of the newsworthiness that is coming out today are reconstructed to a way that it will attract to a greater extent wad. And due to the fact that for some primers, bad news are more catchy t han good news and that influential people like police forcemen are more interesting to talk about, a lot of people are being mislead by medias bias information.I would take the example used by the author in this article as my example. It is an incident of a police officer who has been coerce to use his power to decimal point a civilian who is doing an unlawful violent behavior. The whole story was non out in the news which includes the behavior of the civilian before and just after the latter was cuffed. The only video that they represented was when the civilian was thrown on the hood, but the earlier part that should supposedly concludes the reason why the police officer has to do it was never presented.It was this type of bias reporting that left the police officer guilty and no way to defend himself. Being a cop is not open for it requires commitment, responsibilities and dedication. Civilians look at you as a perfect person who are not allowed to commit a single mistake and that all of the things that you will be doing should be at the right thing, that is why when a cop is linked to an incident wherein the cops image is being affected that would make a history and will be talked in news in polar forms.Cops will be assaulted, ill-fated at, assaulted and even shot at but they can never strike back. Bias opinions by the media should stop and the heroic deeds of the cops should be recognized. Part 2 1. Harlem Renaissance started last 1920 in New York as part of the African American History and it gave birth to new talents like Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston and Paul Robenson. 2. Unconscious make Sigmund Freud famous as he published books and an article explaining this type of humans condition.According to him this is a part of an individuals personality that they cannot control. He also conducted series of Psychoanalysis to people with different ages which supported his beliefs. 3. Watchers might perambulate around the place where the incident hap pened that is why peace officers protected the throughway. 4. law of nature officers practice professionalism despite of the large number of tasks being assigned to them.ReferencesHeather Mac Donald. A Cops Life July 23, 2002. The National Review. http//www. nationalreview. com/comment/comment-mac-donald072302. asp

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet searchPlease complete the following exercises, remembering that you argon in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and victor when completing this worksheet. Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or appoint at least 3 related sorts for each Race Ethnicity Religion Gender Sexual druthers shape up Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Age Old multitude are slow Young people are trouble makers Young people are lazy Gender Men work harder than women Women should do wholly house work Women set about more feelings than men. Race Black people are better at sports Asians are smart albumin people get better jobs Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the supportive aspects of stereotypes, if any? One acquire of stereotypes to those being stereotyped is that the stereotype itself ma y be positive. Of course, this can backfire if you benefit from a stereotype of a group in which you fit and it becomes clear that the stereotype does non apply to you. One framework of a positive stereotype is that Asians are good at math. Another example of a positive stereotype is that Jewish people are good with m iodiny.What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? By stereotyping we infer that a person has a whole range of characteristics and abilities that we assume all members of that group have. Stereotypes lead to social categorization, which is whizz of the reasons for loss attitudes. Most stereotypes probably tend to convey a negative impression. Part III secure 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet ETH/125 Version 8.2 Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference amongst stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. Stereotypes are assumed characteristics. They do not have to carry a good judgment (although many time they do). Example The French like good cooking. Or, Icelanders dont mind the cold. Prejudice is preferring one kind of person over another.It may be based on stereotypes (I dont like Jews because theyre cheap), or not (I dont like Irish people because an Irish kid beat me up long ago). What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? The relationship is that one is having the wrong impression of the person before meeting them, the other is stroke that they are all the exact same as the one, or two, that you have met. They are both assuming things about someone and judging someone based on the difference in them. It is either from ensure or from what you heard but either way it is a judgement before you meet them or after.What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Let schools teach children that all pe ople are equal regardless of race, gender, orientation, etc, let governments introduce laws that explicitly promote equality for all. But I conjecture first of all it starts at home. I think if we teach our children that no matter what we are all equal and treat each other with respect. I think that if we all did this and showed them as also as tell them, then all the judgement will die down a lot. Copyright 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

The Key Concepts of Diversity Essay Example for Free

The Key Concepts of Diversity Essay1. What be some of the ways groups of muckle atomic number 18 identified? I would say that there are intravenous feeding types of minority or subordinate groups. The classifying of the four criteria in minority groups are the race, heathenishity, piety, and the gender. Then the groups are racial groups, ethnic groups, religious groups, gender and another(prenominal) groups. The last you do is the subordinate groups that could be every groups they indirect request. The racial group is a group that is a socially set a break out because of the obvious physical differences in each other. The ethnic group is a group that rump or set apart from others because of its national origin or cultural patterns that after part be distinctive. The religion groups is just apart what it laughingstock say in its group made up with battalion that are in the same religion.Gender groups are made up of the male or all feminine. Now you have the subordi nate group that can have a whole diverse set of criteria such as age, disability status, physical appearance, and the sexual orientation. Then I would say that you have groups that are made up of two or more groups mystify together, such as religion and color, or another combination that might be gender or sexual orientation, and it could be race. It can or it is usually the people that meet more than one of the groups into this that have the way of hardest whiles of dealings with things in the country or something that comes to mind.I would say that in this country that people are unceasingly placing people in groups that is hard enough to be just one group but when you tack other groups into it there are even bigger problems or issues. Then to be a female in this country in these days it can be very hard but if you are one then you can add the race into it. The last part is religion to it and the people are more likely to feel something totally different about you. When we express this is all done we the people put too much importance on what groups that we belong to. None of this should even matter at all and we should all be put into one group or that is the human race and that can be all.2. Why do people label and group other people? I do believe and think that people put labels on the people because they are down deep what they want to feel the superior to all others. The best part in some subconscious ways we put people in these groups and deposit labels on them to help other boost their egos and make them feel conk out about themselves. The labeling and the grouping people for hundreds of years and this is not a new thing by any means at all. This has been all the way for people to keep other down were they thought they belonged to.By this way in which people try and make themselves feel better about themselves for the simple situation that can do so many to the people that would have low self-esteem, and it is the way of boosting their own c onfidence. It is said realty of the way of life that if the people are the type to place people in groups they allow not have anything to do with anyone else but for those that are in the same groups as they are in. I would say that a lot of people only have friends from people in which are inside(a) their own group of people. But I do also think if we stop grouping people and putting labels on them we would have such better world.Look at all the problems down through and through our history that all that happened because of the labeling people. I might have an example of this such as Hitler he place people in groups and also label them and put them into separate camps. Then he thought unless you were a blonde hair and blue eyed you were not good enough to live in his world. nonnegative he thought the only way to deal with any problems that this could cause so he had an ethnic cleansing by killing those people and we all know how it turn out in that time and day. But he was is f ar from the only one that has done that.During that same time when the World state of war 2 was going own and look at what happened in our very own country we situated Japanese Americans in camps for the fact they were Japanese And still to this day and time we separate people into so many groups and keep thinking that are we all not just part of the human race or do we try to something else all the time.

Virtual Meeting Scenario Essay Example for Free

Virtual Meeting Scenario EssayIn the past, a impact for macrocosmy global companies and organizations with largely distributed partakers was ch on the wholeenging. For example, previously if a company called a meeting and attendees were in different locations, the business would either fly those in attendance to a central location, or hold conference calls. Today companies take advantage of technology by holding virtual meetings. tally to Educause acquirement Initiative A virtual meeting is Online virtual meetings ar real-time interactions that take seat over the Internet using features such as audio and video, chat tools, and application sharing (Educase Learning Initiative, 2006). In other words a virtual meeting can link meeting participants without him or her ever leaving his or her workplace. From this new innovation businesses can expand businesses and make decisions faster however, all meeting attendees should learn to respect individually other, communicate, and ap preciate each others differences.There are several types of teams, from sports teams to debate teams and workplace teams. Workplace teams is the focus of this paper, specifically virtual teams, the individual who are a part of the team must be there to create a cooperative effort for teamwork to be present. Different obstacles can be created by virtual meetings because the individuals voluminous in the meeting are non face to face and only have what each other say to make his or her impressions and perceptions. The teams involved in the virtual meetings have to be open to learn, share, discuss, and seek information and knowledge.The virtual meeting scenario with Pablo, surface-to-air missile and Lifang Lin, they all are from different regions and assimilations. The affectation is provided by University of Phoenix (2009). The obstacles and difficulties that each individual in the simulation endures include accents, stereotypes, culture, ego and gender. There are remarks made base d on ones culture and stereotypes brought up. In the simulation it is understood that because Lifang Lin is a female that the two males seems to leave her out of conversation and not recognize that she is a part of the team. surface-to-air missile, an American, made offensive comments that are very derogatory and rude.He similarly made a prejudice comment to Pablo that he wants to build a higher wall along the border there so yall meaning Mexican dont corroborate coming over into America and ruining things for the rest of us, (University of Phoenix, 2009). Sam also talks about fetching siestas and calling him Senor Pablo and that he dont hablo espanol or anything like that. Even though Pablo is an educated man Sam comments still make seems like he is superior to Pablo and Pablo in inferior to him. Sam is an unethical, prejudice, self-absorb, and crook person. I would not have let it the conservation get far.I would have told Sam he was unprofessional and we are here to conduct business. Pablo is from Mexico and third world country. Pablo has a big ego and he always singing his own praises and building his self-up. He always wants to take the lead, talk about how braggart(a) he is, talk about a lot about his accomplishments, and feel he is superior to everyone else. Pablo appears to be self-centered and arrogant just from his introduction. He did show have some hostility toward Sam regarding his remarks, Pablo told Sam the topic is sensitive to him. Pablo is an egotistical person despite the how Sam stereotyped him.I would have did the comparable with Pablo stopped him before he made everything about himself and not the business. Lifang Lin is from China. Lifang Lin is the most professional out of them all. She ineluctably to talk up some to Sam and Pablo and not let them bully her. She is submissive, maybe because of her culture. She appears to be sensibly shy and laid back, but she is respectful of other. She tries to makes things peaceful between ev eryone. She is more of a peacemaker and attractor than Sam and Pablo. If I was Lifang Lin I would have ask Sam and Pablo to conduct themselves professionally and treat each other with respect.

Rates of reaction Essay Example for Free

Rates of reception EssayRefer to GRAPH 1 The raw material bm of the graph shows that while of reaction (y) decreases at a decreasing pasture. More specifically the kink of best fit shows that the average temperature (y) is inversely proportional to the average epoch of reaction (x). This forms an equation of y=mi (1/x) term of reaction = uninterrupted x (1/temperature). As the ageless is set as 1, this asshole be interpreted as y=1/x. In order to validate this I go away scram a business concern graph showing the birth between the two. The calculations of 1/temperature are besides tabulated below.2 As can be seen from the graph the time of reaction increases at a constant yard which proves that the time of reaction is proportional to 1 over temperature. Although the points do not form a perfect straight line, using the line of best fit it is possible to determine the time taken by any given temperature. For type a 1/temperature of 0. 015 i C would cause the r eaction to take approx. 60 seconds.And by dividing 0. 015 by 1, it is possible determine the actual temperature of the reaction. In this case 1/temperature = 0. 015 1/0. 025 = 66. 66 Therefore temperature = 66i C Hence it would take approx. 60 seconds for a product to be organise when the temperature is 66i C. I have analysed the time of reaction as this was the dependant vari able-bodied byout my experiment, scarce the aim of my experiment is to determine the kinship between temperature and rate of reaction. Therefore I will swallow by producing a scatter diagram showing all the recordings.This will allow me to play along the true statement of results and also, through a visual display, identify any possible recordings that dont follow the usual trend. Using the recordings of time of reaction, it is possible to convert this into a rate using the following formula 1 / time taken Below are the rates of reaction calculations tabulated and and so a scatter diagram demonstratin g this The scatter diagram shows positive correlation meaning as the temperature increases, the rate of reaction also tends to increase.In order to dot the recordings further and more than importantly notify a relationship I will tabulate and produce a line graph showing the average time of reaction recordings against increasing temperature. TEMPERATURE (i C) The basic trend of the graph shows that as the temperature increases so does the rate of reaction, which proves my prediction is correct.However as can be seen, the relationship is not linear. The curve of best fit shows that the average rate of reaction (y) is directly proportional to the straightforwardly root of temperature (x). I have calculated this below and in order to test a relationship I have produced a line graph The graph shows that the average rate of reaction increases at a constant rate, excluding the second point, which proves that rate of reaction, is directly proportional to the unanimous root of temperatu re. Using the line of best fit it is possible to find the rate of reaction by choosing any temperature on the graph.For example a Vtemperature of 3i C would cause the reaction to take approx. 0. 00565 seconds. And by squaring the VtemperaturAs the temperature increases the time of reaction decreases. As the temperature increases the rate of reaction also increases which validates my prediction is correct. And from demonstrating these findings on line graphs, I was able to determine and prove that Time of reaction is proportional to 1/temperature and rate of reaction is proportional to the square root of temperature.EVALUATION true statement As can be seen from the circled point on the majority of graphs produced from the results taken, this is identified as an anomaly as it disperses away from the usual trend of the graph. There are more reasons to indicate why an anomaly is stick this consists of human errors and equipment restrictions and possible unruly scientific theories tha t affect the whole experiment. The method of using a tick off watch to measure the time of reaction was not as reliable as to using more precise recording apparatus such as a time cadence and indicating craft for example.This is 1) referable to the unit of time where all recordings were automatically rounded to 2d. p. and 2) the mature condition of the stop watch utilise at times caused a lockage in the start and stop buttons, in a case where the time distinction of getting the stop watch to start and stop may have affected the the true of a recording. Furthermore it was impossible to observe and acknowledge exactly when a reaction had been aced indeed product formation. Extra attention was paid to the reaction, but the stop watch timer was only halt when I believed the reaction was complete.This is unreliable and has no form of justification as this was determined solely through manual procedure. Again another profound error may have been the amount of hydrochloric acid. I ensured as much solution as possible was poured into the required beaker after being measured in the measuring cylinder, however there were always small drips of liquid that were inevitable. It is illegible whether this has an influential affect however this careless(predicate) opposes the accuracy of the recordings. The temperature of the solution may have not been as intended at the start of the reaction (when the magnesium was put in).This is primarily due to that the beaker was removed from the heat once the thermometer hit the intended temperature, however the distinction in time of removing the beaker from the heating setup area to the flat desk and entering the magnesium may have caused the temperature to fall ( of import/insignificantly is unknown). This is due to the reaction being exothermic, transfer of heat to surroundings, which would have caused striking changes in temperature throughout the experiment. There are also reasons to compliment the accuracy of my resul ts Each recording was iterate twice.This enabled me to calculate an average and gave me the advantage of being able to produce a better analysis overall. I was able to identify early on during the preliminary work that the magnesium strips may have not been the same consistent size throughout, but during the actual experiment I took extra care in measuring, cutting and comparing the strips to the required identical length. Reliability In addition to the scopes of errors mentioned above, there are many other incontrollable factors that may have had a form of influence or obstruction.However no significant problems or difficulties were encountered whilst conducting the experiment. My results and conclusion were ideal and reliable enough to verify a relationship that as the temperature increases, the rate of reaction also increases, hence agreeing with my set prediction. I was also able to determine that an increase in temperature, decreases the time of reaction, furthermore the time of reaction is proportional to 1/temperature and the rate of reaction is proportional to the square root of temperature.Improvements No matter how accurate produced results are, due to the restriction in apparatus provided and the time to complete the investigation, improvements will always be applicable. Possible improvements In order to exclude the scopes of errors mentioned above regarding changing temperature, it would be convenient to conduct reactions in a thermos or similar container which would trap the heat. This would keep the temperature constant and in return increase the accuracy of results.Even though two repeats for each recording was accurate enough to produce a reliable average, increasing this to three or four recordings would produce a range of results which could then be analysed in more detail. From this possible impediments of restrictions may also arise, which whilst analsying may give about new theories affecting the reactions. As mentioned earlier, a more precise time measuring device would be useful instead of a stop watch. This would obviously be to produce better, pri cised results and one that would possibly exclude the need of manual operation.Extending the investigation It would be useful to experiment temperatures below 30i C. This would enable me to observe the reactions and behavior of lower temperatures. And primarily with the last three temperature recordings it was noticeable that the points were closer which explains the flat curve produced at the end of graphs that produced a curve. This would enable me to observe the point at which reactions are unable to exceed therefore it would be of use to observe temperatures exceeding 90i.Another method of measurement would be counting the bubbles formed in a reaction. This would require the need of better equipment, but I believe this would form raise results. It would also be interesting to experiment the influences of the other variables, as mentioned at the beginning of my coursework. I was able to briefly experiment concentration in my preliminary work, but it would be interesting to do a continuous specialised experiment and also a new variable that comes to mind light. SECONDARY SOURCES OF knowledgeInternet sources used to construct my background knowledge http//www. wpbschoolhouse. btinternet. co. uk/page03/3_31rates. htm http//www. scool. co. uk/topic_quicklearn. asp? loc=qltopic_id=11quicklearn_id=1subject_id=21ebt=248ebn=ebs=ebl=elc=4 http//www. webchem. net/notes/how_far/dynamics/rate_factors. htm.

The Role Of The Modern Spectator Theatre Essay

The Role Of The Modern Spectator Theatre EssaySociety considers art as a contriveion of what is happening in the world, as well as the distinct types of personalities that people portray. Consequently, society expects that the mod spectator go beyond merely sharing the artists experiences to interpret for him or herself the meaning of these. The psych separateapeutic voice of the modern spectator has thus been reduced, as he or she is no longer the passive participant, sitting in a field of honor hall or cinema, merely watching a piece of art. Instead, he or she has been made to take up an active economic consumption of learning from the works of art, in assemble to create change for him or her and the society as a whole. The discussion includes what is meant by the cathartic role of the modern spectator, how it has diminished in the smart form of theater, and whether it is possible for him or her to reclaim it.1 Eva Berczeller. The aesthetical Feeling and Aristotles catha rsis Theory. The Journal of Psychology 65, (1967) 261-71.2 Esta Powell. Catharsis in psychology and beyond a historic overview. Accessed 13 January 2011 http//primal- page.com/cathar.htmSchultz and Schultzs definition of catharsis considers it as a psychic process where unconscious thoughts and feelings ar made conscious, therefore, allowing the individual to express himself in manner that can be understood.3. Similarly, Szczeklik considers catharsis from as a technique by which an individual lets go of his emotions which are related to unpleasant experiences in the past.4Aristotle considered catharsis as the process by which spectators set themselves free from the emotions that a piece of art triggers in them, such(prenominal) that they master relief and a sense of inner peace. In early(a) words, experiencing catharsis had moral and ethical implications because it helped to check out passions and strong emotions, therefore restoring the balance in ones life. The pleasure of rel easing ones emotions resulted in a relief from disturbances such as pity and fear. He saw catharsis as aiming at creating a nice and sugared feeling of relief to the spectator. Evidently, the word catharsis takes on different meanings in different fields of knowledge, only when what these definitions have in common are the aspects of cleansing or purgation, releasing of emotions brought about by a persons experiences. Esta Powell affirms this by axiom that, catharsis takes different forms but its essence remains the same, since it is a release from approximately burden (either physical or mental) and tallys healing through its purging effect. 5 Consequently, the underlying nonion of purging that has made scholars acknowledge catharsis as a healing, cleansing, and transforming experience, a technique that can be employ to bring about a therapeutic change.______________3 Esta Powell. Catharsis in psychology and beyond a historic overview, Accessed 13 January 2011 http//primal- page.com/cathar.htm4 Andrzej Szczeklik. Catharsis on the art of medicine. Chicago The University of Chicago Press, 20055 Duane Schultz and Sydney Schultz A history of modern psychology. Belmont, ca Wadsworth/Thompson. 2004.In the sphere of theater, catharsis is used to refer to any repose of emotions in this case, an audience releases his or her emotions while watching a drama in any satisfactory method and channel. The spectator therefore has a role to play in theater, in that he or she is deemed to express the emotions aroused by theatric activities.How does catharsis occur in theatre? According to Esta Powell, artists use different strategies to trigger strong emotional displays in their audiences. Many artists use the effect of surprise and unexpectedness to bring about catharsis. For example, in the Greek tragedy Oedipus rex, Oedipus experiences catharsis when he feels culp fitted of murdering his father, marrying his mother, who later commits suicide and the loneliness he f eels as a result. 7Scheff believes that human beings strive to engage in activities that will enable them free themselves from hurtful emotional experiences, and therefore obtain a sense of calm. He gives the example of a spectator who cries about a character who dies in a play. This, he notes, is simply a reawakening of feelings of deviation in the viewers life and he or she is reliving unresolved personal experiences. He explains this by saying that theater provides for the audience a safe distance from personal experiences. This is because the social environment of a theater lessens the effect of emotions arising from unpleasant events, as the audience believes that an individual is sympathizing with a play character and not with himself.9____________7 Esta Powell. Catharsis in psychology and beyond a historic overview, accessed 13 January 2011 http//primal- page.com/cathar.htm8 Andrzej Szczeklik, Catharsis on the art of medicine. Chicago (The University of Chicago Press, 2005). 9 Thomas Scheff Catharsis in healing, ritual, and drama. Lincoln, ne( iuniverse.com, 2001).However, the cathartic role of the spectator has diminished due to modernism. The two major personalities, who have opposed the norms of traditional theater and called for a revolution in its practices, are Bertolt Brecht and Antonin Artaud. Tuirenn Hurstfield notes that theater artists Bertolt Brecht and Antonin Artaud were both frustrated by the traditional theaters illusions of imitating reality. In retaliation, they advocated for change. Artaud, feeling the idea of theatre had been lost, moved towards his theatre of cruelty while Brecht, refuting the drama of his time as still following Aristotles idea of catharsis, moved towards a non-Aristotelian mode of theater.10 In what he calls a new form of theater, that is, epic theater. Brecht argues that the spectator is no longer just an observer, but in any case an actor.Brecht distinguishes this situation from that of what he calls dramatic t heatre, or in other words, Aristotles view of theatre, where the spectator is merely an observer, sharing the experience of the actor. He considers catharsis as a way of bringing about greater social change. Pericles Lewis affirms this by saying that Brechts idea of epic theater appealed to reason rather than the expression of emotions and sought to turn the spectator into an observer, who stands aside, separates himself from the military accomplish of the play, and studies it. In this respect, what Brecht was doing was to stand against a dominant tradition in theater, which aimed to have the spectator involved in and sharing the experience of the play. In addition, Brecht was against identification or sympathy between the spectators and the actors, which was characteristic of Aristotles idea of catharsis._____________10 Hurstfield Tuirenn, Bertolt Brecht and Antonin Artauds revolutionary theatre practices, last modified Aug 28, 2008, http//www.suite101.com/content/bertolt-brecht- antonin-artaud-a6638011 Pericles Lewis, The Cambridge Introduction to modernism Cambridge (Cambridge Press, 2007).193- 194.Pericles Lewis notes that Brecht advocates for a insulation between the spectator and the action of the play as well as its characters, so that he is able to reflect on his theatric experience in a rational manner, void of the influence of emotions. In other words, Brecht maintained that the spectators experience should not stop with the emotional reaction that the play elicits, but should cause a distanced reflection based on that emotional reaction. 12In conclusion, it appears then, that the modern spectator cannot reclaim his or her cathartic role, since scholars place more emphasis on what moral lessons the theatric activities can offer him or her, other than the emotional relief. This is difficult for the modern spectator because we are not only rational but also emotional beings. Creating a balance between the two aspects of human existence puts the moder n spectator in a dilemma, as he cannot ignore the feelings that a theatric spectacle elicits in him. At the same time, he has to reflect on the didactic intentions of the artist or the creator of the play. The modern spectator has to see beyond the feelings he has of the action as well as the characters in the play, and consider the social or political action that he is supposed to take because of his emotional reaction. In other words, the sentiments that any piece of art elicits in the spectator should serve as motivation for him to implement the lessons learnt. They should assist him in bringing about the so desired social and political changes in our world today otherwise, art will have failed in its ultimate role.________________12 Pericles Lewis, The Cambridge Introduction to modernism Cambridge (Cambridge University Press, 2007). 191.